Gregory was not less active in strengthening the power of Rome abroad than in crushing out liberty and happiness at home. He erected, in various countries, twenty-seven new bishoprics and thirty-two apostolic vicariates. In 1836 he gave the College De Propagaiu d(i into the care of the Jesuits, and he trusted and fa- vored that order in every way. He opposed the Bible Societies and the general ditt'usion of the Bible, utter- ing violent encyclicals on these points. A better feat- ure was his opposition to the slave-trade and to slav- ery. He put down the Hermesians (q. v.) in Ger- many with the strong hand, and greatly enlarged the bulk of the Index Expurgatorius. The Jesuit mis- sions were greath' fostered bj' Gregory, and societies to raise funds, such as the (Kuvre de la Foi (Soci- ety' for tlie Propagation of Faith) in France, grew rapidly in extent and productiveness. Romanism increased under his pontificate in every country in Europe, partly in consequence of a natural reaction against previous depression, but largely, also, through the energetic activity' of the pope. He died of cancer, June 1, 1846. Gregorj' wrote several Encyclical Epis- tles, which are of value as showing the unchanged character of the papacy ; among them are translated A Letter to the A rchbishops and Bishops of Ireland (hond. 1836, p. 71, 8vo) ; — Encyclical to all Patriarchs, Pri-
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mates, etc. (London, 1845, p. 40, 8vo). See Firini, Lo iStaio Romano delV anno 1815 (Turin, 1841, 3 vols.) ; La Farina, Storia d' Italia; lieime des deux Mondes, June, 1847 ; Moroni, Dlzion. di erudizione ecclesiast. ^cL xxxii.
Gregory, George, D.D., an English dii'ine, son of the prebendary of Ferns, in Ireland, was born in 1754, and was educated at the University of Edinburgh. In 1778 he took orders, and beeams a curate at Liverpool ; in 1782 he removed to London, where he obtained the curac}' of St.Giles,Crip[)legate,and was chosen evening preacher of the Foundling Hospital. Lord Sidmouth in 1804 procured for him the living of AVestham, in Es- sex, which Dr. Gregor}' held till his death in 1808. Among his works are -Essays, historical and moral: — History of the Christian Church (Lond. 1790, 2 vols. 12nio) : — Sermons, with a Treatise on the Composition of a Sermon (Lond. 1787, 8vo): — a translation oi Lowih's Lectures on Hebrew Poetry (Lond. 1787, 2 vols. 8vo). — Darling, Cyclop. Bihliog,. \, 1323.
Gregory, John, a learned English divine, was born at Amersham, in Buckinghamshire, in 1607. In 1624 he was sent in. the capacity of servitor to Christ CImrch, Oxford, where he was placed under the tuition of Dr. George Morley, afterwards bishop of Winches- ter. Having been adn)itted into orders, he was ap- pointed one of the chaplains of his college by the dean, Dr. Brian Duppa. In 1634 he published a second edi- tion of Sir Thomas Ridley's Vieic of the Civil and Eccle- siastical Law, with Notes (4to), by which he acquired much reputation on account of the civil, historical, ec- clesiastical, and ritual learning, and the skill in ancient and modern languages, Oriental as well as European, displayed in it. In 1641 he obtained the prebend of Salisbury, but was deprived of it at the Rebellion. In 1646 he published Notes and Observaiions on some Pas- sages of Scripture (4to), which were reprinted at differ- ent periods, and afterwards translated into Latin and inserted in the Critici Sacri. He died in 1646. An ac- count of his life will be found in his Works (4th edit. Lond. 1684, 4to). Anthony Wood calls him the miracle of his age for critical and curious learning. — Fuller, Worthies of England; Hook, Eccl. Biog. vol. v; Dar- ling, Cyclop. Bibliog. i, 1322.
Gregory, Olinthus Gilbert, LL.D., was born at Yaxley, in IIunting<lonshire, Jan. 29, 1774. He was educated under Mr. Weston, a celebrated mathemati- cian, and published, at 19, a text-liook called Lessons Astronomical and Philosophical. Through the interest of Dr. Hutton, he was appointed in 1802 mathemati- cal master at the Ro3'al Military Academy, Woolwich, where he obtained the professor's chair. He pul)lished a large number of mathematical treatises, of which it is not our place to give an account. But Dr. Gregory possessed qualities of a still nobler and better kind than those of a scientific j)hilosopher. He was a de- cided Christian — a man who had not onh- studied the literature of the sacred volume, but made it the rule of his life, as well as the sourc3 of his inward peace and hope. On what /irm and enlightened grounds his own faith was estabMshed in the truth and fundamental principles of the Gospel, appears from his Letters to a Friend on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the Christian Religion (r,ond. 1812, 2 vols. 8vo) ; a treatise which has long maintained a high reputation. He also wrote Memoirs <f John Mason Good, M.D. (Lond. 1828, 8vo) : — Memoirs of the Rev. Robert flail (prefixed to the editions of Hall's collected Works) ; and a num- Ijer of articles in the Eclectic Review and other jour- nals, lie died Feb. 2, 1841.— Jamieson, Relig. Biog. 233; English Cyclopcedia.
Grellet, Stki>hkn (Etienne de Grel'et du Mabil- lier), the fifth child of Gabriel Marc Antoine de Grel- let, was born at Limoges, in France, Nov. 2, 1/73. His parents were wealthy, and nniked high among the no- bility. His father was comptroller of the mint, the Criend and counsellor of Louis XVI, and was proprie-