Grynaeus, Johann Jacob, D.D., a Swiss Protes- tant theologian, third son of Thomas Grynseus (q.v.), was born at Berne Oct. 1, 1540. He studied at Basle, was ordained deacon in 1559, and in 1565 succeeded his father as pastor. In 1577 he became professor of theology at Basle, and remained there until 1584, -nrfien he removed to Heidelberg. In 1586 he returned to Basle, where he died head pastor (aniistes) of the city, Aug. 30, 1617 (Aug. 31, 1618, according to Michaud). He published Variorum Patrum, Grvecorum et Latino- rum Monumenta orthodoxographa (Basle, 1569, 2 vols, fol.) : — Ecclesiastica Historia Eusebii PamjMli, Rvf- fini, Socratis, Theodoreti, Sozomeni, Theodori, Evngrii. et Dorothei, etc. (Basle, 1571, 1588, 1611, M.) -.—Epitome Sacrorum Bibliorum, pars 1 (Basle, 1577, 8vo): — Char- acter Chrisiianoi-um, sett de fidei, spei et charttatis doc- trina, etc. (Basle, 1578, 8vo) : — Synopsis Historice Hom- inis, seu de prima hominis orlglne, ejusque corruptinne, reconciliatione, etc. (Basle, 1576, 8vo) : — Chronologia brevis Historice Erangellco' (Basle, 1580) : — Sciagraphia Sacrce Theologiw (Basle, 1577, 4to) : — Censura theologica de prima Antichrlstianorum errorum origine (Heidelb. 1484): — Theoremata et Problemata theologica (Basle, 1590, 3 vols.) : — De virls illustrlbus quorum opere Deus in reformandis eccksiis usus est (1602); and a large
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number of essays and discourses. See Jo. Fabricius, JJktoria Bihlioihec. pt. vi, p. 418-421 ; Dan. Gardes, Flonleg.Lib. rar. p. 153; Adanii, Vitce Theologoruni Ger- manorum; "Sicdron, Memoires, xxxvii, 307-315; Uhse, Lel/en d. heruknitesten Kircken-ScriOenten, p. 196 ; Hoe- fer, Nout: Biog. Generale, xxii, 274 ; HerzoL;, Real-En- c;/lii<p. V, 404 ; Darling, Cyclop. Bibliographka, i, 1347 ; Middleton, Evangelical Biograpki/.
Grynaeus or Grunaeus, Simon, surnamed Ma- jor, a German Protestant theologian, was born at Veh- ringeu (HohenzoUcrn) in 1493. He studied at Pfortz- lieim and Vienna, and early embraced the Eeforma- tion. He taught Greek at Heidelberg from 1524 to 1529. In 1534 he went to Tubingen, commissioned by duke Ulrich of AVilrteniberg to reform the churches of that place. In 1536 he settled at Basle, where he died of the plague Aug. 1, 1541. Intimately connected with Jlelancthon, Luther, Calvin, Thomas More, and others, Grj'naius was a zealous promoter of the Reformation, and, as such, was exposed to great dangers, but alwaj'S managed to get out of them unharmed, thanks to his powerful protectors. He was present at the diets of Spires and of Worms, and went to England in 1531 to confer with Henrj' VIII about his divorce. He was employed to collect the opinions of the Reformed the- ologians on that subject. A great admirer of the clas- sics, he did much to promote the interests of sound ed- ucation in the German universities. He discovered in a convent on the Rhine the last five books of Livj' (published by Erasmus, Basle, 1531, fol.). Gr3'naeus published Latin translations of the woi;ks of Plutarch, Aristotle, and Chrysostom, the first Greek edition of the Veteyinarii medici (Basle, 1537, 4to) and of the Al- magest of Ptolemy (Basle, 1538, fol.). He was also the author of Novus Orbis regionum ac insidantm veterlbus incogn'/iarum, etc. (Basle, 1532-1555, fol.). See T5ruck- er, IJistoria critica Philosoph. vol. iv, period iii, p. 105 sq. ; rre3'tag, Adpuratus Litterarhts, iii, 497; Melch. Adam, Vitce Theolog. p. 5G ; A /hence Eaurica;, ii, 09-72 ; Reimmann, Hist. Litterar. iv, 207 ; lloefer, Nuiiv. Biog. Generale, xxii, 272 ; Burnet, History of Reformation, pt. i, bk. ii ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. v, 402 ; Middleton, EvangeUc(d Biography, i, 149.
Grynasvis, Simon, a Swiss Protestant theologian and philologist (last of the eminent familj' of Gryna;- ns), was born at Basle in 1725, and died in that city in 171)9. He was a thorough theological and classical scholar, and well acquainted witli French, English, and Latin literature. He published a translation of the Bible (Basle, 1776), and also versions of Juvenal, Thomns a Kempis, and Erasmus's Encomium Morire. He also translated into German several English works against Deism. See IM. Lutz, Nehrol. denkw. Schweiz. a. d. n'iii'"'' Jahrh. ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biograph, Generale, xxii, 275.
Grynaeus, Thomas, nephew of Simon Grynaaus nxijor, and an eminent Protestant divine, was born at Vehringen in 1512. He was brought up 1)}' his uncle Simon, and became professor of the dead languages at Basle and Berne. He was a zealous promoter of the Reformation. The margrave Charles of Baden ap- pointcil him pastor and ecclesiastical superintendent at Ituteln, where he remained until his death, Aug. 2, 1564. See ]\Ielch. Adam, Vitm Theolcg. p. 191 ; Hoe- fer, Nonv. Biog. Generale, xxii, 273 ; Middleton, Ecan- fjelical Biography.
Gualbert, Giovanni {St. JohannesC), founder of the Ccenol)itc order of Vallonibrosa (vallis umbrosa), in the Apennines, seven leagues from Florence. He died July 12, 1073, and was canonized by pope Celes- trne III in 1193. His life is in the Acta Sanctorum. — Mosheim, Ch. Hist. cent, xi, pt. ii, ch. ii, § 24 ; Jamie- son, Legends rfthe Monastic Ch-ders, ]). 116 sq. ; Hoefer, Xtiur. Biog. Genh'ale, xxvi, 441 ; Herzog, Real-Ency- klop. v, 406.
Gualfrid. See Geoffrey.
Gualter, Rodolphus, son-in-law of Zwingle, and one of the first Swiss Reformers, was born at Zurich Nov. 9, 1519, succeeded BuUinger as pastor, became superintendent at Zurich in 1575, and died Nov. 25, 158G. His commentaries are bighl}^ esteemed and rare, viz. Homilice cccxi in 3fatth(miji (Zurich, 1590-9G, 2 vols, fol.) : — Homil. clxxv in Acta (Zurich, 1577, fol.). He wrote also a strong anti-papal treatise, Antichiistus (Zurich, 1540, 8vo). A complete edition of his works appeared at Zurich in 1585 (15 vols. 8vo). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxi, 810; Winer, T/ieol. Lifera- tur, ii, 555 ; Darling, Cyclop. Bibliographica, i, 1350.