Guertler, Nicolaus, D.D., a learned Protestant divine, was born at Basel in 1G54. He studied at the universit}' of that city, and in 1G85 became professor of philosophy and rhetoric at Herborn. He after- wards became professor of theolog}' at Hanau, and in 1696 at Bremen. From thence he removed to De- venter in 1G99, and to Franeker in 1707. He died in 1711. His principal work is Fystema theologice pro- phetica;, cum indicibus necessariis (Utrecht, editio se- cunda emendata, 1724, 4to). — Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. ii, 185G ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gen. xxii, 855. (J . H. P.) Guest. See Hospitality. Guest-chamber (RaraXvua, a lodging-place, i. e. properly inri, as rendered in Lukeii, 7; hence any room of entertainment, and so used by the Sept. at 1 Sam. ix, 22 ; Neh. iii, 5 ; Ezck. xl, 44), the v-n-ep(^)oi', canacidum, or spare apartment in an Oriental dwelling (Mark xiv, 14 ; Luke xxii, 11). See House. At the public fes- tivals these may naturally lie supposed to have been placed at the service of strangers attending Jerusalem for that purpose. See Passover. Gui. See Gcido. Guibert de Nogent, a French scholastic theolo-
GUIBERT DE NOGENT
1027
GUIDO DE BRES
gian and historian, of noble and wealthy parentage, was born in 105;3 near Clermont, and died in 1124. He lost his father while quite A'oiing, but the diligent care and zeal of his pious mother gave to his earlj' training a strongly religious tendency. He was educated at the abbey of St. Germer, which he entered at 12 ye<ars of age, arid where he enjoyed the instructions of An- selm (q. V.),, then prior in the neighboring abbey of Bee. At first ha found his chief delight in poetry and the reading of classic poets; but a severe illness gave a more serious direction and higher development to his inner life, and lie devoted himself to the study of the Scriptures and ecclesiastical writers. At the age of fifty he became abbot of Notre-Dame de Nogent, where he composed most of his works. Though not exempt from the credulitj' and monkish devotion to hierarch- ical ideas which belong to his age, Guibert was for his time a man of more than ordinary learning and in- dependence of spirit, to which he gave expression in his severe condemnation of the prevailing supersti- tions and errors in regard to relics and false miracles. The best edition of his writings is that published by D'Achery under the title Venerahilis Guiberti Abbatis B. Murue de Novigento Opera Omnia prodeunf, etc. (Paris, 1651, fol.). In this edition are found (p. 1-525) the following works of Guibert (the list and sketch of which, given here, are based on Herzog), viz.: 1. Liber quo ordine sermo fieri debeat ; written while he was a monk at St. Germer, and especially interesting as being one of the few works on Homiletics coming to us from the Middle Ages : — 2. Moralium Geneseos Librix; a fig- urative exposition of Genesis after the style of Gregorj^ the Great's Muralia in Jobum: — 3. Tropologlarmn in Prophetns Osea et Amos et Lamentatiunes Jeremioi librl V ; with a preface and epilogue addressed to Norbert, founder of the Premonstrants (q. v.) : — 4. Tractahis de incarnatione contra Judiros ; an apologetic treatise in vindication of the divinity and virgin-birth of Christ : — 5. Epistola de bucce'la Judkv data et de veritate domi- nici corjwns ; in answer to the question whether Ju- das received the Eucharist or not, with a defence of Lanfranc's doctrine of the Eucharist against th:it of Berengarius (q. v.): — 6. De laude S. Alaria liber; wherein, though a zealous worshipper of the Virgin Mary, he makes no mention of her immaculate concep- tion : — 7. Opusculum, de Virginitate :■ — 8. De plgnonbus Sanctorum libri iv ; a work on the worship of saints and relics, in which many abuses and errors connected therewith are boldly criticised and condemned, and the monks of St.Medard at Soissons are severely censured for pretendhig to possess a genuine tooth of Christ. Guibert will not allow that the miraculous virtues claimed for relics are a proof of genuineness or sanc- tity : — 9. Hlstoria qum dicitur gesfa Ddper Francos sive Hidoria Ilierosolgmitana ; a valuable account of the first Crusade, founded on an earlier narrative by a cru- sader, perhaps a Norman knight, entitled Gesta Fran- coriim et alionmi Ilierosolipnitanoi-um, which is comple- mented by materials obtained of other eye-witnesses: — 10. De vita sua sire Monodiarum libri Hi; an autobiog- raphy after the plan of St. Augustine's Confessions, and containing also much material valuable for the histor}' of the Church and of the social life of the period. Besides the works above enumerated, (iidbert wrote some com- mentaries on the minor prophets (the MSS. of which were formerly preserved in the lihraries of Vauclair and Pontigny), as also another exegetical work, men- tioned by himself (De vita sua. i, IG), but now lost, bearing the title Capitularis libellus de diversis evavge- liorum et proj)heticorum voluminum. He was also prob- ably the author of a sermon delivered at the feast of St. Blagdalena, found in Mabillon's edition of the works of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, ii, 701. Another work, Elucidarium sive diahgus summam totiiis Christianee re- ligionis complectens, has been erroneously ascribed to him. — Herzog, Real-EncyMop. xix, 584 sq. ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, xxii, 515; Clarke, Success. of Sac.