Guardian of the Spiritualities, in England, the person in whom is vested the ecclesiastical jurisdic- tion of a diocese upon the death or translation of the bishop, or in cases of infirmity of the incumbent or bishop. — Eden, Churchmmi's Dictionary.
Guarin, Pierre, a French Hebraist, was born at Tronquaj' (Normandy) in 1678. He entered the order of the Benedictines of St. Maur Oct. 21, 169G, became sub- sequently professor of Greek and Hebrew, and died li- brarian of the abbey of St. Germain des Pres, Dec. 29, 1729. He had a lively literary controversy with can- on Jlasclef, and wrote Grammatica Hehraica ct Chal- daica, etc. (Paris, 1724-8, 2 vols. 4to) : — Lexicon Ilebra- icum et Chaldirohihlicum (Par. 1746, 2 vols. -Jto). Gua- rin only completed this dictionary to Mem inclusively ; the following letters were the work of other Benedic- tines. See Le Cerf, Bihl. Hist, et crif. des A uteurs de la Cong, de St. Maur; Hoefer, Kouv. Biag. Gin. xxii, 318.
Guastallines, a monastic order in the Roman Catholic Church, founded in 1534 by countess Torelli, of Guastalla. " Thej' were at first connected with the Barnabites, whom thej' assisted in their missions ; but, as this led to disorders, the}' were ordered to take the vow of seclusion. The\' were also called the Angelic order (^Angelics'), which name was to remind them that they should be as pure in their lives as angels.
Guatemala. See Central America.
Gude, GoTTLon Friedricii, a German theologian, was born at Lauban Aug. 2G, 1701. He studied the- ology in the universities of Halle and Leipzig, and taught for some time in the latter. Having returned III.— T T T
to his native city in 1727, he was made chief deacon in 1743, and archdeacon in 1758. He died at Lauban June 20, 1756. Among his numerous publications are De Causis Dissensuum inter Scripturce Interpretes (Lpz. 1724) : — Der Christen Reise nach dem rechten Vaterland (Hal. 1726, fol.) : — De JurisconsuUorum Mentis in Scrip- titram (Lauban. 1728) : — De mystica Miraculnnim etfa- torum Christi Interjjretatione (Lpz. 1729) : — Grundliche Erlduterung des Briefs Pauli an die Epheser (Lauban, 1735). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gen. xxii, 340.
Gudgo'dah [some Gud' godali] (Heb. witli the art. and n directive, hag-Gudgod' -ah, rnj'lJil, rent, or perh. thunder; Sept. Fnoyat) ; Y\i\g. Gudgad), the fortieth station of the Israelites during their wanderings in the desert, between Mount Hor and Jotbath (Deut. x, 7) ; doubtless the same with Hor-hagidgad, through which they had previouslj- passed between Bene-jaakan and Jotbath (Numb, xxxiii, 32). The name appears to he preserved in the present wady Ghudhaghidh (" dim- inutions"), mentioned by Robinson (i?es. i,267) as "a broad sandy valley wliicli drains the remainder of the region between the Jerafeh and el-Mukrah, and carries its waters eastward to the former." See Exode. In this identification two late travellers agree (Schwartz^ p. 213 ; Bonar, p. 286, 295). See Hor-hagidgad. Dr. Robinson suggests tliat Gudgodah and Jotbathah may be in the Arabah, near the junction of wady Ghurun- del with wadj' el-Jeib {Res. li, 583). See Jotbath.
Gudule, Goule, or Ergoule, St., a Belgian vir- gin, patroness of Brussels, is said, according to tradition, to have been born in Brabant about 650. She was the daughter of St. Amalbergc, and was educated bj' her godmother, St. Gertrude, abbess of the convent of Ni- velle. In GG4, Gertrude having died, Gudule went to reside with count Witger, the second husband of her mother. "While there she led a life of extravagant as- ceticism, and, according to the Romish legend, accu- mulated such a stock of good works that God gave her the power to work miracles both during her life and after her death ! She died Jan. 8, 712, and was buried in the church of St. Michael, Brussel's, which was sub- sequently called after her, and is now the cathedral of St. Gudule. She is commemorated on the 8th of Jan- uaiy, and is the object of special veneration through- out Belgium. See Ruth d'Ans, Vie de St. Gudule (Brussels, 1703, 12mo) ; Baillet, Vies des Saints (vol. i, Jan. 8) ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, xxii, 352 ; But- ler, Lives of the Saints, Jan. 8.
Guebres. Sec Parsees.
Guedier de Saint -Aubiu, Henri Michel, a French theologian, was born at Gournay-en-Bray June 17, 1695. He studied at Paris, and received the doc- tor's degree from the Sorbonne Oct. 29, 1723. He be- came professor in that institution in 1730, and its libra- rian in 173G. Some time after he obtained the abliej' of St.Vulmer. He was acquainted with Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, English, and Italian, besides history, theology, and kindred sciences. For fourteen years ho decided all cases of conscience presented to the Sor- bonne. He died at Paris Sept. 27, 1742. lie wrote, Histoire sainte des deux Alliances (Paris, Didot, 1741, 7 vols. 12mo), which Moreri considers as a good concord- ance of the O. and N. T. At the end of eveiy part are remarks and arguments on the designs of the sacred writers, and on the authenticity and inspiration of their writings. — Ladvocat, Diet, historique ; Moreri, Diet, hist. (edit. 1759) ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gen. xxii, 358.
Guelpherbytanus, Codex. See "Wolfenbut- tel Manuscritt.
Guelphs and Ghibellines, the names giTen to two great mediasval parties which acquired a pre-emi- nent celebrity especially in Germany and Italy, inas- much as their contests made up a great portion of the history of those countries from the 11th to the 14th cen- turies, and which claim notice here because of the close