Hadj (Tladf/i, Ilaj, Arab.), pilgrimage, especially to IMecca. The name hadj is also given to the body of pilgrims to jMecca; and the word is defined to mean "aspiration." Every JMohammedan, male or female, is bound, once at least in his lifetime, to make the hadj to Mecca, Some JMohammedan authorities, however, hold that a substitute may be employed ; while lunatics, slaves, and minors are free from the obligation. Tlie solemnities at JMecca are held in the twelfth month of the Mohammedan year; and the male pilgrims, arii\- ing at certain points near Mecca, put on the sacred liab- its and prepare their minds for the ceremonies. Arri\ - mg at JMecca, each pilgrim walks seven times around the Kaabah ; next he visits IMount Arafat, twelve miles from Mecca, for prayer and instruction. The next night is spent in devotion at IMogdalipha, and the next day the pilgrim visits a sacred monument at the spot where Mohammed went to pray. The ceremonies end with sacrifices. Every returning pilgrim is styled Iladgi (Haji) thereafter.
Had'la'i {Xlah.Clmdkuf, -^h^n, resting ; Sept.'Af!^i V. r. 'EXSat, \ulg. Adali), the father of Amasa, which latter was one of the Ephraimites who opposed the en- slavement of the captives of J iidah in the civil war lie- tween Peicah and Ahaz (2 Chroii. xxviii, 12). B.C. ante 738.
Hado'ram (Heb. Tladoram', D'n'i'irt, "defectively" n:^.nn in Chron.; Fiirst suggests \lhb. Lex. s. v.] = ni "li n n, //«(Zo?- [i.e. /I (/or, the fire-god; see Hadram- mklech] is exalted; the Sam. at Gen. x, 27 has Ado- ram; Sept. in (Jen. x, 27, 'OSoppa,\u\ii. Aduram; in \ Chron. i, 21, KiSovonv ; in 1 Cliron. xviii, 10, 'kSovpafi ; in 2 Chron. x, 18, 'koiopap ; \ulg. in all these last, A do- ram), the name of three men.
HADRACH
12
HADRIANUS
1. AnoitAM. the fifth son of Joktan, and progenitor of a tribi- of tlie same name in Arabia Felix ((ieii. x, ii ; 1 Cliroii. i, 21). B.C. post 2411. Bochart {Phnle;j,\\, 20) compares tlie ])iniiali or JJrimciti on the I'ersian (liilf (I'liii. vi, :!2), and the promontory Kopof a/ior (Kas cl-IIad) of rtol. vi, 7, 11. Michaelis {Spicikfj. ii, 162) despairs of all identification of the tribe in question. Schiillhess (l>tnud. p. KJ) and (Jesenius {Thex. Ihh. s. V.) think that the Adramihe are meant, whom Ptolemy ('A("()(i/a>rt(. (ieof/. vi, 7) places on the southern shores of Araljia, between the llomeritie (Hamyarites) and the Sochalitii", an account with which Pliny {"Alramila,'" y/w^A'((/.vi, 28,32; xii, 14,30) substantially agrees.— Winer, i, 453. Fresnel cites an Arab author who iden- tities Hadoram with Jiirhum {V" Lettre,Journ. Asict- lique, iii serie, vi, 220) ; but this is highly improbable; nor is the suggestion of Hadliura, by Caussin {Essai i, 30), more likely, the latter being one of the aboriginal tribes of Arabia, such as 'Ad, Thamiid, etc.— Smith, s. v. See Ait.vniA.
2. II.vDORAjr, son of Toi, king of Hamath, sent by liis father (with valuable jiresents in the form of articles of anti(iue manufacture [ Joseiihus], in gold, silver, and brass) to congratulate David on his victory over their common enemy Iladarczcr, king of Syria (1 Chron.xviii, 10). B.C. cir. 1034. In the parallel narrative of 2 Sam. viii, the name is given as Joram ; but this being a con- traction of Jehoram, which contains the name of Jeho- vah, is peculiarly an Israelitish appellation. By .Jose- phus (.4 lit. vii, o, 4) he is called 'Aciopo^ioc. — Smith, s. v.
3. AuoNiitAM (q. v.), as he is elsewhere more fully called (1 Kings iv, (J; v, 14; Josephus constantly 'A^w- pafior) the son of Abda, the treasurer of taxes under Solomon, and who was stoned to death by the jicople of the northern tribes when sent by Hclioboam to exact the usual dues (2 Chron. x, 18).
Ha'drach (Ileb. Chadmh', ""'7'!'; signif. unknown, but jHis i'lily connected with Iladar—i^Ge Hadokam; Sept. i:fC(i«Xi^ "Ig. //(idnic/i\ ai)parently the name of a country, and (as we may gather from the parallel member of the sole and obscure passage where it o;- curs) near or identical with Dfimascus (Zech. ix, 1). The meaning .seems to he, '" The utterance of the word of Jehovah respecting the land of Hadrach; and Da- mascus is the i)lace upon which it rests." On the local- ity in (piestion, great division of opinion exists. Adri- chomins says. "Adrach, or Hadrach, alius Adra ... is a city of ('(flcsyria, about twenty-five miles from Bos- tia. and from it the adjacent region takes the name of Land of Hadrach. This was the land which formed the suliject of Zechariah's prophecy" {T/ieatnim Terrte tStiiicttr, |). 7.")). l{abbi Jose, a Damascene, according to Jarchi. (Icclared he know a place of this name east of Damascus; and Michaelis says (Snpplcw. p. (577), "To this I may add what I learned, in the year 17(18, from Joseph .\bbassi, a noble Arab of the country Ijcyond Jordan. I in(|iiire<l whether he knew a city called llii- drakli . . . He rcjilied that there was a "city of that name, which, though now small, had been the ca]iital of a largo region called the laud of lladrnkh" etc. The two nauH's. however, are entirely din'erent ("("lIH, Jla- drarh ; Arab. Kd/ir'ii), and there is no h.istorical evi- <lonce that Kdhr'a ever was the cajiital of a large terri- tory. See Kdki'.i. Yet corroborative of the existence I'f the )ilace in question are the ex])licit statements of Cyril and Theodoret in commeufing on the aljovc pas- sage. But to these it is objected that no modern trav- eller has heard of such a place in this region; (iesenius tsju'cially (T/icxdiii: Ihh. p. 449) urges that the name could not have become extinct. Yet no other explana- tion of the word Hadrach hitlierto ofl'ered is at all sat- isfactory (see Winer's Jtvdlit: s. v.). IMovers suggests that Hadrach maj- be tlie name of one of the old deities (comiiare Adoieii, Justin, xxxvi, 2, and ATiiK<;ATis) of Damascus {Die Pliihiizier, i, 478) ; and Bleek conjectures that reference is made to a king of that city {Htudien v.