Hadas'sali (Heb. Iladassah', <T3'^'^, myi-tle ; comp. the Gr. names Afyrto, etc.; Sept. omits, Vulg. I^dissa), the earlier Jewish name of Esther (Esth. ii, 7). Ge- senius {Thesaur. p. 3G.6) suggests that it is identical with "Aroffffa, the name of the daughter of Cvrus (He- rod, iii. 103, 134).
Hadat'tah (Heb. Chadattah' , T^Tpt:. a Chaldaiziiig form =?!««,- Sept. omits, Vulg. nova), according to the A.V. one of the towns of Judah in the extreme south — "Hazor, lladattah, and Kerioth, and Hezron," etc. (Josh. XV, 25) ; but the Masoretic accents of the Hebrew con- nect the word with that preceding it, as if it -were Ha- zor-chadattah, i. e. New Hazor, in distinction from the place of the same name in ver. 23. This reading is ex- pressly .sanctioned by Eusebius and Jerome, who speak (Onomast. s. v. Asor) of "New Hazor" as lying in their day to the east of and near Ascalon. (See also Reland, Rala'st. p. 708.) But Ascalon, as Robinson has pointed out (Rc.'icarclies, new ed. ii, 34, note), is in the Shefclah, and not in the south, and would, if named in Joshua at all, be included in the second division of the list, begin- ning at ver. 33, instead of where it is, not far from Kc- desh.— Smith, s. v. Still the total (29) in ver. 32 rc- (|uires as much abbreviation in the enumerated list of cities in this group as possible. See Hazor-Hadattah.
Haddah. See En-iiaddaii.
Haddock, Ciias. B., D.D., a Congregational min- ister, was born in Salisbury, N. H., in the summer of 179fi. lie graduated at Dartmouth College in 181G. Immediately after graduating, he entered Andover The- ological Seminary, where he remained two years. He was then comiiclled to desist from his studies, and made a journey to the South. He returned in 1819 invigora- ted in health, and was at once chosen the first professor of riictoric in Dartmouth College, which position he held till 1838, when he was chosen professor of intel- lectual iihilosoi)hy. In 1850 he received the appoint- ment of charge d'affaires at the court of Portugal which
HADES
HADES
he held till 1855. He spent the remaiiukr of liis life at West Lebanon. For about twelve years lie preached at White Kiver Village, Vt., and for several years he sup- plied the juilpit at the upper and lower churches of Norwich, Vt. For a year or two he i)reached at West Lebanon, and for the last two years and a half of his life he preaclied at Queechy village, Vt. He died at West Lebanon, N. II., Jan. 15, 1861. As a preacher he was always acceptable, and never more so than during the last year of his life. — Comiregational Quarterbj, 18G1, p. 2i;i."
Hades, a Greek word (flt'^ijc, derived, according to the best established and most generally received ety- mology, from privative a and iStiv, hence often written dW;;(,), means strictly irhut is out of sight, or possibly, if applied to a person, what puts out of sight. In earlier Greek this last was, if not its only, at least its prevailing application; in Homer it occurs only as the personal designation of Pluto, tlie lord of the invisible world, and who -was probably so designated — not from being him- self invisible, for that belonged to him in common with the heathen gods generally — but from his power to ren- der mortals invisible — the invisible-making deity (see Crusius, Homeric Lexicon, s. v.). The (ireeks, hoAvever, in process of time abandoned this use oi hades, and when the Greek Scriptures were written the word was scarce- ly ever applied except to the place of the departed. In the classical writers, therefore, it is used to denote Or- ciis, or tlie infernal regions. In the Greek version of the Old Testament it is the common rendering for the Heb. iiX"^, sheol, though in the fonn there often ap- pears a remnant of the original personified application ; for example, in Gen. xxxvii, 35, " I will go do\ra to my son," fi'f clcov, i. e. into the abodes or house of hades (W/ioyf or oIkov being understood). This elliptical form was common both in the classics and in Scripture, even after hades was never thought of but as a region or place of abode.
1. Tlie appropriation of hades by the Greek interpret- ers as an equivalent for sheol may undoubtedly be taken as evidence that there was a close agreement in the ideas conveyed by the two terms as currently inider- stood tiy the Greeks and Hebrews respectively — a sub- stantial, but not an entire agreement ; for in this, as well as in other terms which related to subjects bearing on things spiritual and divine, the different religions of Jew and Gentile necessarily exercised a modifying in- fluence ; so that even when the same term was employ- ed, and with reference generally to the same thing, shades of difference could not but exist in respect to the ideas understood to be indicated by them. Two or three points stand prominently out in tlie views enter- tained by the ancients respecting hades : first, that it was the common receptacle of departed spirits, of good as well as bad ; second, that it was divided into two compartments, the one containing an Elysium of bliss for the good, the other a Tartarus of sorrow and punish- ment for the wicked ; and, thirdly, that in respect to its locality, it lay under ground, in the mid-regions of the earth. So far as these points are concerned, there is no material difference between the Greek hades and the Hcbre rr sheol. This, too, ^vas viewed as the common receptacle of the departed: patriarchs and rigliteous men spoke of going into it at their decease, and the most ungodly and worthless characters are represented as finding in it their proper home (Gen. xhi, 38 ; Psa. cxxxix,8; IIos.xiii,14; Isa.xiv,9, etc.). A twofold di- vision also in the state of the departed, corresponding to the different positions they occupied, and the courses they pursued on earth, is clearly implied in tlie revela- tions of Scripture on the subject, though ivith the He- brews less prominently exhibited, and \vitliout any of the fantastic and puerile inventions of heathen mythol- ogy. Yet the fact of a real distinction in the state of the departed, corresponding to their spiritual conditions on earth, is in various passages not obsciurely indicated.