HAIIX
22
HAIME
ment exegesis and theology. He was tutor (privat- ilomit) at lireslau in 1845, went thence in 1«4G to Kii- nigsberg as professor ad inlerini on the deatli of Ilii- vmiick, anil in 1«51 became professor extraordinary,' and in l«Gt) ordinary- professor at Greifswald, succeed- ing Kosegarten. He edited Hiivernick's Voiiesungen uber die Theolor/ie des A.Testaments (1848). His chief •works are, a dissertation l)e Spe immortalHatis sub Vet. Ttslam. etc.; Veteris testam. s,i,t,iithi <h Xaliira hominis (184(;) -.—Cummentar iiber d,t.< lliirh lllnl, ( Is.Ml) :— t'6e/-- si'l-uii;/ nnd Krkldrum/ de.-i llnhni Li(d<.< ( IS.'/J) :_ AV- kluniiit) rim Jesaia kapiitl 10-4(; (forming vol. iii of Dredisler's commentary on Isaiah, 1857) ■.—Commentur iihir das I'red'ujerbiich S(domo's ( 1 800) . His works evince' the care and (iilelity which characterized the man, but liis criticisms are sometimes marked by great boldness. He was a man of mild temper and great purity of char- acter. See - 1 llyemeine Kirchen-Zeitung for 1862, No. 2(3 ; Herzog, lieal-Kiu-yklop. xix, 597. (J. W. M.)
Hahn, Michael, a German tlieosophist, was born Feb. 2. 1758, at Altdorf, near Boblingen, Wiirtemberg. The son of a peasant, he was from early youth imder the influence of profound reUgious convictions, and de- \oted liimself, in retirement, to the study of the Bible, and of the works of prominent thcosophists, as Behmen and Oetinger. He claimed to receive from Gotl special revelations, and wrote down their contents. As a speak- er in the meetings of the Pietists he attracted large crowds, was several times summoned before the consis- tory to defend himself against the charge of heresy-, but W.T3 finally allowed to spend tlie last twenty-four years of his life without further annoyance ujjon an estate of the duchess Francisca of Wiirtemberg. There he died in great peace in 1819. The followers of Hahn, called the Mic/ielians, constitute an organized connnunion which has never separated from the State Church, but tlie members of which annually meet for consultation, ami, in particular, for making provision for tlie poor. The celebrated colony of Kornthal (q. v.), near Stutt- gard, was organized under the direct influence of Hahn. The works of Hahn, which contain a complete specida- tive theosophy, have been published at Tubingen in 12 vols. (1819 s(i.). Several of his hymns were received by Albert Knapp into the hymn-book wliieh he prepared for the use of the State Church. Like many of the Wiir- temberg I'ietists, Halm believed in the final restoration of all tliings._Haug, Die S,kle der Michelianer, in Stu- ditn dir eraii;/. deistlirhkeit IViirteiidien/s. vol xi ; Ill- gen, f/ist. //iroht/. Zei/sr/ui//, 1841; IJi.mer, KirM. Ge- srhichte I Vdiiembertjs ; Herzog, Reid-luidikL v, 472. (A J.S.)
Ha'i ((;en. xii, 8; xiii, 3). See Ai.
Hail. See Bex-iiaii,.
Hail ! (xalin, rejoice, as often rendered; "farewell" alsc), a salutation, importing a wish for the welfare of (111' iiirsiiu addressed (Luke i, 28; in mockery. Matt, xxvii, 29, etc.). It is now seldom used among us, but was customary among our Saxon ancestors, and import- ed a-s nnich as '-Joy to you," or '-Health to vou;" in- chiiling iu the term health all kinds of inospcdty.— Cal- met, s. V. See Gui;iiTi.NG.
Hail (Tia, barad', ^ffXaiV;), or congealed rain, is the symbol of the divine vengeance uiKin kini,'doms and nations, the enemies of God and of his jieople. As a hail-storm is generally accompanied liv lightning, and seems to be produced by a certain elcclVical state of the atmosphere, so we find in Scripture hail and fire, i. e. lightning, mentioned together (Kxod. ix, 23; compare Job xxxviii, 22, 23; I'sa. cv, 32; Ixxviii, 48; cxlviii, 8; xvui, 13). Sec I'i.a(;i;es oi- Ecvit. That hail, thoni,di uncommon, is not absolutely tmknown iu E[,ry]it, wc have the testimony of IMansleben and IMancoiiys^ who had heard it thniuler during their stay at Alexan- dria, the former on the 1st of January, and'the latter on the 17th and 18th of the same month; on the same day
it also hailed there. Terry also remarks that it hails, though seldom, in January and February at Cairo. Po- cocke even saw hail mingled with rain fall at Fium in February (compare Exod. ix, 34). Korte also saw hail fall. Jo'mard says, '• I have several times seen even hail at Alexandria." Volney mentions a hail-storm which he saw crossing over Mount Sinai into that country, some of whose frozen stones he gathered ; " and so," he s.ays, "I drank iced water in Egypt." Hail v.'as also the means made use of by God for defeating an army of the kings of Canaan (Josh, x, 11). In this jiassage it is said, " The Lord cast down great stones from heav- en upon them" — i. e. hail-stones of an extraordinary size, and capable of doing dreadful execution in their fall from heaven. Some commentators are of opinion that the miracle cansisted of real stones, from the cir- cumstance that stones only are mentioned in the pre- ceding clause ; but this is evidently erroneous, for there are many instances on record of hail-stones of enormous size and weight falling in different countries, so as to do immense injury, and to destroy the lives of animals and men. In Palestine and the neighboring regions, hail-stones are frequent and severe in the mountainous districts and along the coasts; but in the jjlains and deserts hail scarcely ever falls. In the elevated region of Northern Persia the hail-stones are frequently so vi- olent as to destroy the cattle in the fields; and in Com. Porter's Letters from Constantinople ami its Environs (i, 44) there is an interesting account of a terrific hail- storm that occurred on the Bospliorus in the summer of 1831, which fully bears out the above and other Scrip- ture representations. Many of the lumps picked up af- ter the storm weighed three quarters of a pound. In Isa. xxviii, 2, which denounces the approaching de- struction by Shalmaneser, the same images are employ- ed. Hail is mentioned as a divine judgment by the prophet Haggai (ii, 17). The destruction of the Assyr- ian army is pointed out in Isa. xxx, 30. Ezekiel (xiii, 11) represents the wall daubed with uutempered mortar as being destroyed by great hail-stones. Also in his liidiilu'cy aiiainst Gog (xxxviii, 22) he employs the same syiiiljcil (compare Rev. xx, 9). The hail and lire niiiii;'l((l \\'n\\ blood, mentioned in Kev. viii, 7, are sup- posed to denote the commotions of nations. The great hail, in Rev. xi, 19, denotes great and heavy judgments on the enemies of true religion ; and the grievous storm, in xvi, 21, represents something similar, and far more severe. So Horace {Odes, i, 2) ; comp. Yirgil {.En. iv, 120, IGl ; ix, 6(39) and Livy (ii, G2, and xxvi, 11).