Halde, Du. See Du Halde.
Hale, John, a Congregational minister, was born June 3, 1030, in Charlestown, Mass. He graduated at Harvard College in 1G57, and was ordained first pastor of the newly-fiirmed ( 'liurch at Beverley, Sept. 20, 1667, where he remained until his death. May 15, 1700. He published an Election ,Sennon (1684), and ,1 modest In- quiry into the Nature of Wltclicrnft. (did lime Persons ijuilty of that Crime may In' eoiirirlid. mid the Means used for their Dhcovery disfiissrd, Imlh neynticely and offirmatirely, accordiny to Scripture and Experience (18mo, 1697).— Spragiie, Annals, i, 168.
Hale, Sir Matthew, was born at Alderley, Gloucestershire, Nov. 1, 1609, admitted at IMagdalen Hall, Oxford, in 162(;, and at Lincoln's Inn in 1629. In 1(>53 (under the Commonwealth) he was made one of the judges of the Common Bench, and in 1671 he was elected to l)e chief justice of the King's Bench. He died Doc. 25, 1676. He was a learned lawyer, an upright judge, a i)ioua Christian. The only spot upon his mem- ory as a criminal judge is the notorious fact of his hav- ing condemned two wretclied women for witchcraft, at the assizes at Bury St. Edmund's, in the year 1665. Hale, in the course of the trial, avowed himself a believer in witchcraft, and the jury found the prisoners guilty, notwillistanding many imparlial by-standers declared that tliey disl)elieved the charge. No reprieve was grant- ed, and tlie i)risoners were executed. Hale was a volu- minous writer. Of his legal publications we make no mention here; besides them he wrote An Abstract of the Christian Heliyion ;— . 1 Discourse nflieliyion .-—Contem- p/ation-i, Moral and Dirine:—The Knoivledr/e of Christ crucified (new ed. Glasg. 1828, 12mo). These and other minor pieces are gathered in his 1 1 ',)/■/•.>,■, Moral and lie- liyious. edited by the Rev. T. rhirlwall, M..\. (London, 1H05, 2 vols. 8vo). See Burnet, /,//;- of Sir M. Hale (London, I6H2, I2mo; also prefixed to bis Works, above named); Baxter, Xotes on the /.Iff „„d Death o/'A'jV M. //(//'' (Lond. 1682, 12m<i; reprinted, with Uak-'HThour/hts on IMif/ion, Lond. 180,5, 12mo); Campbell, Lives of' the Chief Justices; Enijlish Cyclopccdia; AUibone, Diet, of A ulhors, s. v.
Hales, .Tons, of Eton, usually called the "ever- memorable," nn eminent English" scholar and divine, was born in Bath. 1584. and educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. In 1606 he was elected fellow of Mer-
ton College, and -wns employed by Sir H. Savile in the preparation of his fine edition of Chrysostom, published in 1613. His attainments in Greek gaijied him the pro- fessorship of that language at Oxford in 1612, and in 1613 he was ordained and become feUow of Eton. In 1618 he accompanied Sir D. Carleton to the Hague as his chaplain, and attended him to the Synod of Dort (q. v.). He went to that celebrated body a Calvinist, and left it an Arminian, as is shomi by a letter of Farindon (q. v.), prefixed to Hales's Golden Remains, in which he says- "At the well-pressing of John iii, 16 by Episco- pius there, / Ud John Calvin good-niyht, as he has often told me" (see Jackson, Life of Farindon, p. xlix). In 1636 he wrote for Chillingworth a tract on Schism, in which he rebuked the claims of high Episcopacy. Laud sought to gain over the great Greek scholar, and offered him any preferment he pleased. In 1639 he was made canon of Windsor, but was deprived in 1642. Refusing to subscribe to the " covenant," he was compelled to wander from place to place, and at last he had to sell his library for bread. He died May 19, 1656. No man of his time had greater rejiutation for scholarship and piety. Bishop Pearson s[)caks of him as a "man of as great a sharpness, quickness, and subtQty of wit as ever this or perhaps any nation bred .... a man of vast and illimited knowledge, of a severe and profound judg- ment." He wrote unwillingly, and published but a few tracts in his lifetime ; but after his death a number of his sermons and miscellaneous pieces were collected un- der the title of Golden Remains of the Ever-memorable John Hales (London, 1659, 8vo ; best ed. 1673, 4to) ; his Letters concerning the Synod of Dort are published -in the edition of 1673. An edition of his Whole Works (with the language modernized) was published by lord Hailes in 1765 (3 vols. 12mo). See Des Maizeaux, Life of Hales (Lond. 1719, 8vo) ; General Biog. Dictionary ; Jackson, Life of Farindon (prefixed to Farindon's Ser- mons, vol. i ) ; Wood, A thence Oxoniensis, ii, 124 ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. v, 476-7 ; AUibone, Diet, of Authors, s. v.
Haliburton. See Halyburtox.
Half-communion, the withholding the cup from the laity in the Lord's Supper. " This practice of the Church of Rome was first authorized by Innocent III, and then made obligatory by the Council of Constance ; and one motive for the innovation appears to have been to exalt the priesthood by giving them some exclusive privilege even in communion at the Lord's table. Tran- substantiation and half-communion, or communion in one kind only, are ingeniously linked together. Ro- manists believe that Christ, whole and entire, his soul, body, and divinit_y, is contained in either species, and in tli2 smallest particle of each. Hence they infer that, Avhether the communicant receive the bread or the wine, he enjoys the full benefit of the sacrament. Therefore, to support the monstrous dogma, the sacrament is di- vided in two : transubstantiation justifies communion in one kind, and communion in one kind proves the truth of transubstantiation. In thus denying the cup to the laity, the institution of Christ is mutilated, the express Ian' of the Gospel perverted, and the practice of the apostles nl)andoned. The withholding the cup was one of till' -rievanees which induced the Hussites to resist the usurpations of the Church of Rome" {Faivax, Eccles. Diet. s. v.). See Lohd's Supi-ek.