Half-way Covenant, a scheme adopted by the Congregational churches of New England in order to extend the privileges of church membership and infant itaptism beyond the pale of actual communicants at the Lord's table. Stoddard, of Northampton, vindicated it, and Jonathan Edwards opposed it. This struggle caused Edwards's removal from Northampton. It is now aban- doned by the orthodox Congregationalists.— Hurst, Ra- tionalism, p. 538 i Upham, Ratio Disciplince, xxi. See Congregationalists ; Edwards, Jonathan.
Hal'hul (Heb. ChalchuV, ^Wbn, etymol. doubtful, but. according to FUrst, full of hollows; Sept. 'AXoi^X v.
HALI
29
HALL
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r. AiXnvci'), a town in the highlands of Jiidah. mentioned in the fourth gronp of six north of Hchron (Keil, ./(«/;. p. 387), amonfj them Beth-ziir and Gedor (Josh, xv, 58). Jerome (^Oiiomusf. s. v. Elul) says it existed in his time near Hebron as a small village (" vilula") by the name oi Alula. Ur. Kobinson found it in the modern Ilulind, a short distance north of Hebron, consistinj; of a ruined nioS(iue (called Neby Yunas or "Prophet Jonah") upon a loiij;- liil!, surrounded by the remains of ancient walls and foundations {Researches, i, 319). During his last visit to Palestine he visited it again, and describes it as situated high on the eastern brow of the ridge, the head town of tlie district, inhabited by an incivil people ; the environs are thrifty and well cultivated. The old mosque is a poor structure, but has a minaret (new ed. oi Researches, iii, 281). Schwarz also identifies it with this village on a mount, 5 Eng. miles north-east of He- bron" {Palestine, p. 107). So likewise De Saulcy {Dead Sea, i, 451). The hill is quite a conspicuous one, half a mile to the left of the road from Jerusalem to Hebron, the village somewhat at its eastern foot , while opposite it, on the other side of the road, is Beit-sur, the modem rejiresentative of Beth-zur, and a little further to the north IS Jedur, the ancient Gedor. In a Jewish tradi- tion quoted by Hottinger {Cippi I/ebraici, p. 38), and re- ])orteil l)y an old Hebrew traveller (Jo. Chel, 1334 ; see Carmody, Itiii. Hebrew, p. 242), it is said to be the burial- place of (iad, David's seer (2 Sam. xxiv, 11). Hence it was for a time a place of Jewish pilgrimage (Wilson, Lands of Bible, i, 384). See also the citations of Zunz in Asher's Benj. ofTudela (ii, 437, note). See Chellus.
Ha'li (Heb. Chali'. 'h'n, necHace ; Sept. 'AXi v. r. 'AXf^ and 'OoXfi). a town on the border of the tribe of Asher. mentioned between Helkath and Beten (Josh. xix, 25). Schwarz thinks it may be the Clialon (Cy- amon) of Judith ^-ii, 3, opposite Esdraelon, and there- fore near the range of Carmel {Palest, p. 191) ; but the readnig of that passage is doubtful (see Arnald, Com- vient. ad loc), and such an identitication would place Hali far remote from the associated localities, which seem to indicate a position on the eastern boundary, at a:)me distance i'rom its northern extremitj-. Accord- ingly Van de Yelde suggests {Memoir, p. 318) that "perhaps the site of this citj^ may be recognised in that of Alia, a place where the rock-heivni foundations of a large city are seen, on the south-east side of the village of IM'aha, rather more than five hours north-east of Akka; the tell of M'alia would seem to have fonned the acropolis of the ancient city."
Halicarnas'-sus ('AXKcrrpvao-o-oc), in Caria of Asia IMinor, a city of great renown, as being the birthplace of Herodotus and of the later historian Dionysuis, and as embellished In' the mausoleum erected by Artemisia, but of no Biblical interest except as the residence of a Jewish population in the periods between the Old and New' Testament histories. In 1 ]\Iacc. xv, 23, this city is specified as containing such a ]iopulation. The de- cree in Josephus {Ant. xiv, 10, 23), where the Romans direct that the Jews of Halicamassus shall be allowed tlieir national usage of proseuehne, or prayer-chai^els by the sea-side {rac TrpoaevxaQ TroinaQat Trpog ry OaXda- rry Kara to Trdrptov i^Oog), is interesting when com- pared with Acts xvi, 13. This city ivas celebrated for its harbor and for the strength of its fortifications; but, having made a vigorous and protracted defense against Alexander the Great, he was so much enraged that, \ipon gaining at length possession of it, he destroyed it by fire — a calamity from which it never recovered. A plan of the site is given in Koss, Reisen avf dm Griech, hueln, i, 30 (copied in Smith's Diet, of Class. Georj. s. v.). The sculptures of the mausoleum are the subject of a paper by ]Mr. Newton hi the Classical Museum, and .many of them are now in the British IMuseum (see also his full work, Ducoveries at Ifalicarnassus, etc., Lond. 1862-3). The modem name of the place is Budi-um, — Smith, 8. V.
Hall occurs in the A.V. of the N. T. three times; twice (Matt, xxvii, 27; Mark xv, IG) in reference to the Trpairwpiov, prtelorium, or residence of the Pomau governor at Jerusalem, which was either the palace l)uilt l)y the elder Herod, or the tower of Antonia; his usual abode was at CiBsarea (Acts xxiii, 23). Mark adds to the word oiiXi';, as he is wont in other cases, an explana- torj' phrase, b {(tti irpairiiipiov (Vulg. ati-iumjirwtorii). In Luke xxii, 55, aiiXi) means the open court or quacl- rangle belonging to the high-priest's house, such as was common to Oriental dwellings. It has the same mean- ing in Matt, xxvi, G9, and Mark xiv, Gfi, and in both passages is incorrectly rendered " palace" in the A. V., as the adverbs tgw and Kcirio plainly distinguish the avXi) from the oIko^ to which it was attaclied (Luke xxii, 54). So in Luke xi, 21. In John x, 1, IG, it means a "sheep-fold," and in Kev. xi, 2, the outer "court" of the Temple. The aitXfi was entered from the street by a irpoavXiov or vestibule (IVIark xiv, 68), through a ttxi- Xojv or ported (Matt, xxvi, 71), in which was a ^vpa or