Harris, Thaddeus Mason, D.D., a Unitarian di- vine, was born in Charlestown, iNIass., in 17G8, graduated A.B. at Harvard in 1787, and became pastor at Dorches- ter in 1793. He was librarian of Harvard College from 1791 to 1793, and afterwards librarian of tlic Massachu- setts Historical Society till his death in 1842. His most important publication is a Natural History of the Bible (1793, 12mo; again in Boston, 1S21, Svo; also published in London, with additions, under the title Dictionary of the Natural History of the Bible, 1824 ; new ed. by Con- der, 1833, r2mo). Tliis work received great praise for its accuracy anil utility (see lAorne, Bibliographical A p>- pendix). Dr. Harris also published Memorials of the first Church in Dorchester (Boston, 1830, 8vo) -.—Dis- courses on Freemasonry (Charlestown, 5801 [1801], Svo). See Allibone, Dictionary of Authors, i, 792.
Harris, Walter, D.D., a Congregational minister, was born in Lebanon, Conn., in 17G1. He graduated at Dartmouth Coliege in 1787, was ordained pastor at Dun- barton Aug. 2(i, 17«9, and died Dec. 25, 1843. Dr. Har- ris imlilislifd Alt Address before the Pastoral Convention of Niir Hitiiijishire (1834), and a niunber of occasional seriniiiis. — Sprague, Annals, ii, 277.
Harris, William, D.D., an eminent English tlis- scnting divine, is sup])osed to have been born at London al)out 1(175. He became pastor of a church at Crutched Friars, London, in 1G98. He was also for some thirty years one of the preachers of a Friday evening lecture at the Weigh-house, and succeeded Mr. Tong as lecturer at Salter's Hall. He died in 1740. "He was a con- cise, clear, and nervous writer; liis works evince a strong sense joined to a lively imagination, and regu- lated with judgment." He was one of the continuafors of jMattliew Henry's Commentary (those on Philip[)ians and Colossians). Besides a number of occasional ser- mons, he wrote Funeral Discourses, in two Parts: (/) Consolations on the Death of our Fri''nds; (I I) Prepa- rations for our oirn Death (Lond. 173G, 8vo) -.—The lAJe and Character of Dr. Thomas Manton (London, 1725, 8vo) : — .1 practical Illustration of the Book of Esther (London, 1737, Svo), etc. — Darling, Cyclopcedia Biblio- yraphica, i, 1406; Bogue and Bennett, History of Dis- senters, ii, 372.
Harris, William, D.D., a Protestant Episcopal minister, was l)orn at Springfield, Mass., and passed A.B. at Harvard College in 1786. He was first licensed as a minister in the Congregational Church, but, on perusing a compend of Hooker's Ecclesiasticcd Polity, his mind and feelings were drawn to the Protestant Episco])al Church, in which he was .shortly after ordained. He then took charge of St. Michael's Chiu-ch, IMarblehead, and in 1802 became rector of St.lMark's, New York. In 1811 he was chosen president of Columbia College. In 1816 he resigned his rectorship, and attended thereafter exclusively to the presidency of the college. He died Oct. 18, 1829. He published several occasional sermons. — Sprague, A nnals, v, 383.
Harrison, William Henry, D.D., was born Jan. 12, 1819, in Frederick County, Md. He entered the preparatory department of Pennsylvania College in 1838, and was graduated in 1843 with the valedictory of his class. He early developed a taste for literary research ; and, while others were often engaged in recreation and amusement, he was in liis room busily engaged in the investigation of some question of interest, and in the acquisition of knowledge. The one thing in which, perhaps, he excelled all others was the moral influence which he exercised over his companions. His very presence, even when he kept silent, was felt. Immedi- ately after his graduation in college he commenced his theological studies in the Theological Seminary at Get- tysburg. On their completion in 1845 he v.-as licensed to preach the Gospel by the Synod of Jlaryland. He' was elected assistant professor of ancient languages in Pennsylvania College, and served for a season as general agent of the Parent Education Society. Tlie following year he accepted a call to the English Lutheran Church of Cincinnati, as he felt that he could be more useful and efficient in the pastoral work. Here he labored with great success till his death. His labors were un- wearied and aljundant. His life was regarded as a sac- rifice to the cause of humanity and religion. He died of Asiatic cholera during the prevalence of the epidemic in Cincinnati, Nov. 3, 1866, and, although com]iarati\-e- ly a young man, he was at the time of his death the se- nior pastor of the city. He was a good scholar, a sound theologian, and a clear, practical, and instructive preach- er, lie received the doctorate from Wittenberg Col- lege in 18G1. (M.L.S.)
Harrow is the rendering in the Eng. Vers, of the following Hebrew words : 'f'^'}^, charits' (lit. a cvtiiny, hence a slice of curdled millc, '• cheese," 1 Sam. xvii, 18),
HARSA
90
HART
a iribtilum or threshing (q.v.) skclrjie (2 Sam. xii, 31 ; 1 Chrnii. XX, 3) ; elsewhere only the verb T^■^^ sadcid' (lit.to fctWofr),to harrow a field (Job xxxix. Id; '-break tlie clods," Isa. xxviii,4; Hos. x, 11). See Kitto, Vmh/ Bible lUusi. iii,39, vi, 397, The form of the ancient
W»
Mocleru Egyptian Khm^/nd, or clod-crashiDg machine after ploughing Hebrew harrow, if any instrument properly correspond- in<; to this term existed, is unknown. Probably it was, as still in Eg\[>t (Niebuhr, Trav. i, 151), merely aboard, which was dragged over the fields to level the lumps. Among the Itomans it consisted of a luu-tle (a-ates) of rods with teeth (Pliny, xviii, 43 ; comp. Virg. Geo7YJ. i, 94). See generally Ugolini, Comm. de re rusiica vett. JIthr. v, '21 (in his Thesaur. xxix, p. 332 sq.) ; Paulsen, A derb. p. 9(j.— Winer, ii, 296. " In modern Palestine, oxen are sometimes turned in to trample the clods, and in some parts of Asia a bush of thorns is dragged over the surface; but all these processes, if used, occur (not after, but) before the seed is committed to the soil" (Smith, s. v.). See Agriculture, Harsa. See Tei^Harsa.