Har'sha (Heb. Charsha', Sd"iri, a Chaldaizing form, vorhr or cnrhautcr ; Se^it. 'Apaa and 'Aluaav), one of the Nethinim whose descendants (or rather, ])erhaps, a ])lacc whose inhabitants) returned from Babylon with Zcrui)babcl (Ezra ii, 52 ; Nch. vii, 54). B. C. ante 536. Scliwarz {Palest, p. 116) thinks it maybe identical with the ruins called 1)y the Arabs Charsha (on.Zimmerman's TOf/7), Khuras), situated south of wady Sur, about half way lietween lieit-Jibrin (Eleutheroiiolis) on the AV., and .Icdur ((iedor) on the E.
Harsnet, Samuel, archbishop of York, was Iwm at C'okhcster in 1561; was educated as a sizcr at King's C'ol'.oge, Cambridge ; and was subsequently elected ftl- low (tf I'embroke Hall. In 1580 he took the degree of B.A., and in 1584 that of M.A. He then aiiplicd him- self to theology, in which he soon made bis mark liy a sermon jireaclied in 1584 atSt.Paul's Cross (lirst jiriuttd at the end of three of Dr. Stewart's sermons in 1('}5.S). in wliich he boldly attacked the doctrine of uncondi- tiiiiial predestination, then to some extent iirevailing in the ( luirch of Enijland. He became successively ] tor ofllK' university in 1592, vicar of Chigwell.in Es- sex, in 1595, and archdeacon of Essex in 1602, but re- signed Jill tliese otlices on being appointed rector of Shenlield, In i:ssex, and of St. Jlargaret's, ]S:c\\ Eish Street, London, in 1604. He became master ol Pim- broke College in 1605, and liishop of Chichester in Iddl). He was translated to Norsvich in 1619. 'Wlule ni the latter sec, the Dissenters iirevailing in the House of Commons, he was accused before the last Parliament ol James I of several misdemeanors, and of llomanist ten- dencies. He made a defense, in which, amoiii;" otlur points, he says " that popery is a fire that never \\ill be <iuiet; he had preadied a thou.sand sermons, and notli- ini; of poperj- can be imputed to him out of any of th( m. That there were divers obstacles to keep him I'rom poperj- : among them, the usurpation of the pope of
Rome; their religion dyed in blood ; their juggling and feigned miracles, of which he wrote a book against them, and their equivocations." , He concluded by pro- claiming that in his view the Church of England came nearest to the primitive Church, and that its principles were not derived from Wickliff, Huss, or Lu- thei, but from the four first centuries after Chnst. This defense ■v.as considered valid, ardm 1628 Dr. Harsnet was translated to the archbishopric of York, He died in May, 1631. Among his works we notice A Discovery of ihr /i audulent Practices oj John Darrcll, Each- do) of A rts, etc. (Lond. 1599, 4to) :— Declara- tion of egregious Pojnsh Imjiostures, etc. (Lond, 1603, 4to), against an
exorcist named Edmonds, alias Weston, a Jesiut. See Collier, Eccks. History ; Strj'pe, Memorials ; Biog. Brit, ; Hook, Eccles. Biograjjhy, v, 546 sq.
Hart (^''X, aycd', always masc., but in Psa. xlii, 1, joined with a fem. noun to denote a hind), a stag or male deer, but used by the Hebrews also to denote all the va- rious species of deer and antelopes, which resemble large rams. See Deer. The hart is reckoned among the clean animals (Deut. xii, 15 ; xiv, 5 ; xv, 22), and seems, from the passages quoted, as well as from 1 Kings iv, 23, to have been commonly killed for food. Its activity furnishes an apt comparison in Isa. xxxv, 6, though in this respect the hind was more commonly selected by the sacred writers. Tlie proper name Ajalon is derived from ayal, and implies that harts were numerous in the neigh- borhood. See Goat. TheHeb. masc. noun o»/«/, which is always rendered iXatpoq by the Sept., denotes, there can be no doubt, some species of Cei-ridm (deer tribe), either the Dama vulgaris, fallow-deer, or the Ccrnts Barharus, the Barbary deer, the southern representative of the European stag (C. e/o^^w«), which occurs in Tu- nis and the coast of Barbarj-. We have, however, no evidence that the Barbarj- deer ever inhabited Pales- tine, though it may have done so in primitive times.
Ccmts Ecu hams.
HART
91
HARTLEY
Hasselquist {Trar. p. 211) observed the fallow-deer on aioiiut Tabor. Sir G. \\'ilkinson says {Anc. J\'/;/j)t. i, 227. abridgm.), "The stag with branching horns tigured at Bcni Hassan is also unknown in the valley of the Nile, but it is still seen in the vicinity of" tlie natron lakes, as about Tunis, tliough not in tlie desert between the river and the Ked Sea." This is doubtless the Cer- vus Burharus. See Stag. •
Most of the deer tribe are careful to conceal their calves after birth for a time. May there not be some allusion to this circumstance in Job xxxix, 1, '• Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?" etc. Terliaps, as the Sept. uniformly renders atful by t\a(poc, we may incline to the belief that the Ccrvus Jhtrharus is the deer denoted. Tlie feminine noun f^^!|'J<. (iijnluh, oc- cius fretiuently in the O. T.— Smith, s. v. See Hind.
Hart, Levi. D.D.. a Congregational minister, was born April 10, 1738, at Southington, Conn. He gradu- ated at Yale College in 1700, studied under Dr. BeOamy, was Ucensed June 2, 1761, and was ordained pastor .at Griswold, Conn., Nov. 4, 17G2, where he labored until his death, Oct. 27, 1808. During his long career as pastor he trained many young men for the ministry. In 1784 he was made a member of Dartmouth C^ollege Corpora- tion, and of Yale in 1791. He pubUshed several occa- sional sermons.— Sprague, A nnals, i, 690.