Literature. — Hartley, Ohsei-vaiions on Man, his Frame, his Duty, his Expectations, with Notes and Additions by Herman Andrew Pistorius (Lond. 1791, 3 vols. 8vo). An abridgment of the original edition had been jiublished by Dr. Priestley (Lond. 1775), with the omission of the doc- trine of vibrations and vibratimicides. It is from this mutilated presentment that the theory of Association has been principally derived. Hume, Inquiry co?icem- ing the Human Understanding, sec. ii-vii ; Eeid, On the InteUectiial Powers, Essay ii, ch. iii, ed. Hamilton — un- fortunately. Sir William never supplied the notes to Reid, which he indicates by numbers; IMackintosh, On the Progress of Ethical Philosophy ; Dugald Stewart, On. the Progress of J/( fiijJiysiciil. Ethical, and Political Philosophy {Philosophiail 'E.-:--iiys, Works, edit. Sir W. Hamilton) ; Coleridge, JJiogniphia Literaria, ch. v-vii; Morell, History of Modem Philosophy. (G. F. H.)
Hartlib, Samuel, an English wTiter of the 17th century, Avas born of Polish Protestant parents. He came to England about 1640, took an active part in the theological questions of the day, and endea^-ored to bring about a imion of the different churches. He af- terwards devoted himself to the improvement of agri- culture, etc. Having spent all his fortmie in these at- tempts, he received from Cromwell a pension of £300, which was suppressed at the Restoration. He spent the latter part of his life in retirement, and perhaps in want. The exact time of his death is unknown. He wrote A Relation of that tchich hath been lately attempited to p7-o- cure Ecclesiastical Peace among Pi-ottstunts (Lond. lC-11) : — Considerations concerning England's Reformation in Church and State (1G47, 4to) : — Tti-isse's doubting con- science resolred (\C'y2. Svo) ; some ivorks on Husbandrj-, etc. Milton a(l(h\".sril liis Essay on Education to Hart- lib. See Geiilh iiKdi's Magazine, hi-sCu; Censura litera- ria, vol. iii ; Chalmers, General Biogixipihical Diction- ary.
Hartmann, Anton Theodor, a German Protestant theologian and Orientalist, was bom at Dilsseldorf June 25, 1774. He studied at Osnabruck, Dortmund, and.GiJt- tingen. After being successively co-rector of the gymna- sium of Scest in 1797, rector of the gjinnasium of Her- ford in 1799, and professor in that of Oldenburg in 1804, he was appointed professor of theology in the L'niversi- ty of Rostock in 1811. He died at" Rostock April 21, 1838. He is especially known for his Avorks on antiqui- ties, and on Hebrew and Arabic literatiu-e, the principal of Avhich are Aufkldrung U, Asien f. Bibelforscher (Ol- denburg, 180G-7, 2 vols. 8vo) -.—Die Hebrderin am Putz- fische u. als Braut (Amst. 1809-1810, 3 vols. 8vo) -.—Sup- plementa ad J. Buxtorfii et W. Gesenii Lexic. (Rostock, 1813, 4to) : — Thesauri Lingum Ilebraicm e Michna au- gendi (Rostock, 1825-1826, 3 parts, 4to) -.—Linguistische Einkitung in d. Studiuni der Bticher des A, T. (Rostock, 1818, 8vo) -.—Hist. Krit. Forschungen iiber die Bildung, d. Zeitalter u.Plun d.fiiifBiicher Moses (Rostock et Gus- trow, 1831, 8vo) : — Die enge Verbindun(j d. A.T. mit d. N. (Hamb. 1831, 8vo) ■.—Bliclce in d. Geist d. Urchristen- thums (Dusseldorf, 1802, 8\-o). See Haag, La France Protestante ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxiii, 474.
Hartwig, John Chkistopher, came to America as chaplain to a German regiment in the service of Eng- land diuing the first French war, as it is called. He
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was a member of the first Lutheran synod held in this country in 1748. His first regular charge combined sev- eral congregations in Hunterdon Co., N. J. He labored for a brief jjeriod in Pennsylvania, but the larger portion of his ministry was spent in the state of New York, j He died in 17'Jg. The manner of his death furnishes a remarkable instance of the power of the imagination. Forty years before, the impression from a dream on his birthdaj', that he would live just forty years longer, liad 1 become so strong that he felt persuaded the th-eam \\ould 1 be fulfilled, and his life protracted to the close of his ' eightieth year. On the day preceding its completion he came to the residence of the Hon. J. K. Livingston, ' and announced that he had come to his house to die. In the evening he conducted the family devotions, and the next morning arose in apparent health. He break- fasted with the family, and entered freely into conver- sation until the approach of the hour, as he sui)posed, for his departiure, 11 o'clock A.M. A few minutes before the time, he requested permission to retire. Mr. Liv- ingston, unobserved by him, followed, and noticed that he was undressing. Just as the clock tolled the hour, he was in the act of removing the stock from the neck ; at that moment he fell back and expired. Notwith- standing his eccentricities, he possessed many noble qual- ities, and his name will ever be associated with the in- stitution in Otsego Co., N. Y., v/hich bears his name, and of which lie may be said to be the fountler. The tract of land he received for his. services as chaplain he be- queathed principally for the establishment of a theolog- ical and missionary institution for tlie instruction of pi- ous young men for the Lutheran ministrj', and for the education of Indians in the Christian religion as mis- .sionaries among their own tribes. (M. L. S.)
Ea'rum (Heb. Ilarum', B"in, elevated; Sept. 'la- psil-t), the fiither of Aharhcl, the " families" of which lat- ter are enumerated among the posterity of Coz, of the tribe of Judah (1 Chron. iv, 8). B.C. post 1C12.