Hatto or Otho I, tenth archbishop of Mentz. Tlie time and place of his birth are unknown. In 888 he succeeded Kudolf as abbot of Reichenau, then one of the riclicst monasteries in Germany. He was in such favor with king Arnulf— thanks to his skill and utter want of principle — that he is said to have held at the same time eleven other abbej's. In 891 he was elected archbishop of Mentz : here he built a church to St. George, having obtained the head and another part of the body of the saint from pope Formosus ! In August, 895, he presided at the Council of Tribur, where the em- peror and 22 bishops were present. They voted 58 can- ons, mostly for the repression of crime. The 8th canon gives an idea of the power Rome held even at that pe- riod over the German churches : Ilonoremus samtain i-o- manain et apostolicam sedem, id qum nobis sacerdotalis mater est dignitatis, debeat esse magistra eccksiasticce ra-
tionis quare licet vix ferendum ab ilia sancta
sede imponatur jugum,confe7'amus et jna devotione toler- emiis. After Louis's death, in October, 911, Hatto was retained in the council of his successor, Conrad. Hav- ing departed on a journey to Rome, March 13, 913, he died a few days after of fever, according to one account ; but, according to otliers, he was killed at the battle of Heresburg in January, 913. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gene- rale, xxiii, 539 sq. ; Mabillon, Acta Sunct. Ord. Bened. vii, 118. (J.N. P.)
Hatto or Otho II, sumamed Bonose, 15tli arch- bishop of Mentz. He was abbot of Fidda, and, at the death of archbishop WilUam of Saxony, March 2, 9G8, was appointed his successor by Emperor Otho I. Hatto died in 969. The Magdeburg Centuries state that he Avas eaten alive by rats as a punishment for his avarice, and because he had, diuring a famine, compared the poor to these animals ; and he is the subject of the well-known legend of the Rat Tower on the Rhine. — See Gallia Christiana, v, col. 45G; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxiii, 541. (.J.N. P.)
Hat'tush (Heb. Ckattush', d^atl, prob. assembled f Fiirst, contender] ; Sept. 'Attovq, but Xerrove in 1 Cliron. iii, 22, and v. r. AarTorc in Ezra viii, 2\ the name of several men about or after the time of the re- turn from Babylon.
1. A priest who returned to Jerusalem with Zerub- babel (Neh. xii, 2). B.C. 536.
2. A descendant of David v,-ho accompanied Ezra to Jerusalem (Ezra viii, 2). B.C. 459. See No. 5.
3. Sou of Hashabniah, and one of those who rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem (Neh. iii, 10). B.C. 446. He was possibly the same with No. 2.
4. One of the priests who imited in the sacred cove- nant with Nehemiah (Neh. x, 4). B.C. cir. 410.
5. One of the sons of Shemaiah, among the posterity
IV.-G
of Zerubbabel (1 Chron. iii, 22), and contemporary with the Nagge of Luke iii, 25 (see Strong's Harm, and Ex- pos, of the Gospels, p. 17). B.C. somewhat post 40G. By some he is identitied with No, 2 above, reading Ezra viii, 2 (after the (Sept.) thus: "of the sons of David: Ilattush, of the sons of Shechaniah." This, however, is not only forbidden by other chronological notices [see Dauius; Zeuubisaijel], but rests on the too slender support for the genmneness of the text itself in ques- tion ; where, as in vcr. 5, we may suppose that a name is missing, or that the name Shechaniah itself has crept in from the latter verse, since it appears nowhere elise as that of a family head. See Shechaniah.
Haugeans (Haugeanere). Hans Nielsen Hauge was born in Norway April 3, 1771. He had strong relig- ious impressions in youth, which produced a gloomy state of mind. But in 1795 he passed through a change which filled him with joy. Ever after, amid all vicissitudes, he \vas a cheerful Christian. He soon began to preach, and made a powerful impression on the public mind. He travelled extensively in Norway and Denmark, wrote many tracts, and in 1804 established a printing-office in Christiansand to disseminate his sentiments. He ob- tained many followers, but finally, through the influence of the clergy, was punished with a heavy fine and im- prisonment. After this he lived in retirement till his death in 1824. In doctrine, Hauge differed from evan- gelical Protestants in general in but few points : e. g. he held that the ministry is a common duty, and that spe- cially ordained and separated ministers are unnecessary ; also that Church creeds and Confessions are of no great account. He properly placed great stress upon faith and its effects, but it was in a one-sided waj'. Nevertheless, his labors contributed largely to the revival of evangel- ical religion. The party called Haugeans is still numer- ous in Norway: they contend against the laxness of Church discipline and against Rationalism, and have much influence with the people. See Hase, Church Hist. p. 547; Gregoire, Hist, des Scctis Tlilig. t. v. ; Stiiudlin and Tschirner, Archiv.f. Kin-lii i>;ic^i-]iir],te, ii, 354; Ha- genh!ic\i,Hist.ofthe Church in is/// nwimh Centuries, transl. by Hurst, ii, 389 ; Stud. u. Kritiken, 1849, p. 749 sq.
Hau'ran (tl^h. Chavran' , 'pin; Se\)t. Avpainnq and QgavLTiQ, the Auraniiis of josephus and others, the Ilauran of the Arabs, so called prob, from the mid- titude of caves, lin, found there, which even at the present day serve as dwellings for the inhabitants), a tract or region of Sj'ria, south of Damascus, east of Gaulonitis (Golan) and Bashan, and west of Trachoni- tis, extending from the Jabbok to the territory of Da- mascene-Sj'ria; mentioned only in Ezek, xlvii, IG, 18, in defining the north-eastern border of the Promised Land, It was probably of small extent originally, but received extensive additions from the Romans under the name of Auranitis. Josephus frequently mentions Auranitis in connection with Trachonitis, Batantea, and Gaidonitis, which with it constituted the ancient king- dom of Bashan {War, i, 20, 4; ii, 17, 4), It formed part of that TQaxioviri^oq xojpa referred to by Luke (iii, 1) as subject to Philip the tetrarch (comp, Joseph, Ant. xvii, 11, 4), It is bomided on the west by Gaulo- nitis, on the north by the wild and rocky district of Trachonitis, on the east by the mountainous region of Batanjfia, and on the south by the great plain of Moab (Jer. xlviii, 21), Some Ai-ab geographers have de- scribed the Ilauran as much more extensive tlian here stated (Bohaed. Vit. Sal. ed, Schidt, p. 70 ; Abulfed, Tab. Syr. s. v.) ; and at the present day the name is appUed bi/ those at a distance to the whole coimtry east of Jau- lan ; but the inhabitants themselves define it as above. It is represented by Burckhardt (Travels in Sgria, p. 51, 211, 285, 291) as a volcanic region, composed of po- rous tufa, pumice, and basalt, with the remains of a cra- ter on the tell Shoba, which is on its eastern border. It produces, ho^vever, crops of corn, and has many patches of luxuriant herbage, Avhich are frequented in summet