Afilnn, < ■,i,up,i;,iu ( Li.nd. 1841). See Brock. Hioumph- inil .Sh-rtrh <f liar, loch (Lond. 1858, 12mo) ; Marshman, Memoirs of Sir Henry Ilavdoch (Lond. 1868).
Haven (Cjin, clwph. Gen. xliv, 13, a seaside or "coast," as elsewhere rendered; tin^a, machoz', a ref- ?/7f-, hence a harbor, Psa.cvii, 30; Xiju/(7^ Acts xxvii,r2). The Phoenician part of the coast of Palestine had sev- eral fine harbors [see Piicenicia], and some such were also in possession of the Hebrews : such were C:esarea and Joppa (q. v. severally), which were especially made use of for coastwise communication (1 Mace, xiv, 5, 34 ; Josephus, Ant. xv, 9, 6). The port {W^ tti^^) of Tyre
HAVENS
99
HAVILAH
(q. V.) was the most famous on the whole Mediterranean shore (Ezek. xxvii, 3). A liarbor is called N'^pN in Chaldce, also iu Samaritan.— Winer, i, 454. See Navi- gation.
The Cretan harbor called Fair Havens (q. v.), KaXoi Kin'tvEQ, is incidentally mentioned in the N. T. (Acts xxvii, 8). See CiiETii.
Havens, Jamks, a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Chiu-cli, was born in Mason Co., Ky., December '25, 17'J3. At eighteen he received license to preach, and in 1820 he entered the travelling rainistrj- in the Ohio Con- ference. He served twelve years in circuits, and twen- ty-four as presiding elder. Possessing a strong consti- tution and vigorous intellect, he taxed them both to the utmost in remedying the delects of his early education, and in making " full proof of his ministry." He became one of the most powerfid preachers of his time, and con- tributed perhaps as much as any other man to build up tlic Church in the West, especially in Indiana, where the last forty years of his life were spent. He died m November, hi'.L— Minutes of Conferences, 18C5, p. 190.
Havernick, Heinrich Andreas Ciiristoph, a German theologian, was born at Kroplin, in Meclden- burg, in 1805. He studied at Halle, and was one of the two students whose notes on the theological lec- tures of AVegscheider and Gesenius were used to insti- tute a trial against those prominent champions of liationalism. At the University of Berlin he closely attaclied himself to Hengstenberg. In 1834 he estab- lished himself as priratdocent at Rostock, and in 1841 lie became ordinary professor of theology at Kijnigs- bcrg. He died in 1845 at New Strelitz. The exegetical works of Hiivernick are counted among the most learn- ed of the orthodox school. The most imjiortant of them are Commentur. i'lher das Buck Daniel (Hamburg, l,s:!2) : — Mi/aii'/c.^ de t/mdiii/ie reformee (Geneva, 1833 »>i.):^H,iiiiIhiic/i drr hist.-krlf. Einleitung in das A. T. (Krlangen, l.s'itUSO, 2 vols. ; 2d ed. by Keil, 1849-54) :— Xeiie Krit. Untersuchunrjen ii. das Buch Daniel (Hamb. 1838) : — Commentar ziim Buche Ezekiel; Vo/-lesnnr/en ii. d. Theologie des A . T. (ed. by Hahn, Frankf. 1848 ; '2d ed. by Schultz, Frankf. 1863). Translations: Gen. Introd. to 0. T. (Edinb, 1852) ; Introd. to the Pentateuch (Edinb. 1850).
Hav'ilah (Heb. Chavilah', H^'^ir!, signif. unknown; Sept. EiitXa, but EueiXa in Gen. x, 29, EuiXar in Gen. ii, 11, and Ei'i in 1 Chron. i, 29; \i\lg. Heuila, hut Heui- lath in Gen. ii, 11), the name of two or three regions; perhaps also of two men (B.C. cir. 2400).
1. A land rich in gold, bdellium, and shoham, men- tioned in Gen. ii, 11, as flowed around (or through) by the river Pishon, in the geographical description of Par- adise. Some identify this Havilah with one of those following; but others take it to be the Chirala, on the Caspian Sea, whence that sea itself is said to have de- rived the Russian name of C'hwalinslcoij more (Sea of Chwala) ; and others suppose it a general name for In- dia, in which case tlie river Pison, mentioned as sur- rounding it, would be identitied vn.W\ the Ganges, or even the Indus. Others again, who regard the Pishon as the Phasis, make Havilah to be Colchis, for which some think there is the distinctive name in Scripture of the "Casluhim" (q. v.). In Gen. ii, 11, 12, it is fur- ther described as the land where the best gold was found, and which was, besides, rich in the treasures of the bedolach and the stone shoham. That the name is derived from some natural peculiarity is evident from the presence of the article with all tlie terms. What- ever may be the true meaning of bedolach, be it carbun- cle, crystal, bdellium, ebony, pepper, cloves, beryl, pearl, diamond, or emerald, all critics detect its presence, un- der one or other of these forms, in the country which they select as the Havilah most appropriate to their own theory. As little difficulty is presented by the shoham :. call it onyx, sardonyx, emerald, sapphire, berj'l, or sardius, it would be liard indeed if some of