Dirt, of Ant. s. v. Pileus) Smith, s. v. See Boxxet.
The monuments and paintings in the tombs of Eg\-pt supply us with numerous forms of head-dresses; and there is no doubt that many of these were the ]irevail- ing costume at the period when the Israelites sojourned there. Among the ruins of Persepolis are found nu- merous sculptures which give the shape of various cov-
HEAD-DRESS
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HEAL
Ancient Egyptian regal Ilead-dresses: 1, with the simple lillet ; 2, arranged iu parallel braids ; 3, reticulated, with the diadem.
Brings fur the head used by men. The care bestowed
Ancient Persian Head-dresses, upon this part of the toilet among the Assyrians and Babylonians is abundantly illustrated in the volumes of Botta and Layard. " The Assyrian head-dress is de-
to the description of a tin-'oan {fasciis ohvoloif, Gesonius, T/tc.san/ us, p. 54'2). The associated term seruchey ex- presses the flowing character of the Eastern head-dress, as it falls down over the back (Layard, Nineveh, ii, 308), The -word rendered ' hats' in Dan. iii,21 (Nba"^?) prop- erly applies to a cloak" (Smith).
The DiO''2";3, sheUsim' (Isa. iii, 18), rendered in our version "caids," or, as in the margin, "networks," were most probably some kind of reticulated head-tb-esses, and so the word is understood in the Talmud. See Caul.
A very peculiar kind of head-dress worn in some parts of Palestine, especially by the Druses of Mount Lebanon, and thought to be referred to by the '"ip, Ice'- ren, or "hom" of 1 Sam. ii, 3, is the tantura. It is made of gold or silver, frequently of other metal either gilt or silver-plated, and sometimes of mere wood. The more costly ones are highly ornamented, and occasiou-
Ancient /Assyrian Head-dresses: 1, 2. Foreign Captives; 3, Royal : 4, Persepolitau, ou the Head the symbolic Figure of Cyrus ; 5, Sacred.
scribed in Ezek. xxiii, 15, mider the terms '^n^"lp C^S^l jI:, ' exceeding in dyed attire ;' it is doubtful, how- ever, whether tehulim describes the colored matorial of the head-dress (tiarce a coloribus quibus tincUe sint) ; another sense has been assiejned to it more appropriate IV.— H
ally set with jewels; but the length and position of them is that upon which the traveller looks with the greatest interest, as illustrating and explaining a famil- iar expression of Scripture. The young, the rich, and the vain wear the tantura of great length, standing straight up froiTi the top of the forehead; whereas the humble, the poor, and the aged place it upon the side of the head, nuich shorter, and spreading at the end like a trumpet. See Horn.
For other forms of royal head-dresses, see Crown. For military ones, see Heljiet.
Head of the Church, a title which properly be- longs only to Christ (Ephes. v, 23), as the Supreme Gov- ernor of the whole bodi/ of the faithful. It is applied to the sovereign of Great Britain as the ruler of the tem- poralities of the Church. " Some have imagined (the members of the Romish Church, for instance) that the Christian workl is 'permanently,' and from generation to generation, subject to some one spiritual ruler (wheth- er an individual man or a Church), the delegate, repre- sentative, and vicegerent of Christ, whose authority should be binding on the conscience of all, and decisive on everj' point of faith." But, had such been our Lord's design, he could not possibly have failed, when jjromis- ing his disciples "another Comforter, who should abide with them forever," to refer them to the man or body of men who should, in perpetual succession, be the de- pository of this divine consolation and supremacy. It is also increi-lible, had such been oiur Lord's purpose, that he himself shoiUd be perpetually spoken of and alluded to as the Head of his Church, without any reference to any supreme head on earth as fidly representing him, and bearing universal rule in his name. It is clear, therefore, that the Christian Chiurch universal has no spiritual head on earth (Eden, Churchman's Dictionary, s. v.). See Pope; Papacy; Primacy.
Heal (properly NB^ 5!Epa-invi») is used in Scripture in the wider sense of curing in general, as applied to diseases, and even to inanimate objects. It occurs also in the special sense of restoring from apostasy. See Disease; Cure.
HEAP
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HEART
Heap. The Hebrew word O'^'lS, gaclish', rendered '• tomb" ill Jub xxi, oi, and •' lieap" in the margin, prop- erly signifies a stack; a heap, hence a tomb, tumulus, a sepulchral moimd that was made by a pile of earth or stones. The ancient tumuli were heaps of earth or stone, and probably such a pile was usually made over a grave as a monument. Travellers in the East have ofren seen heaps of stones covering over or marking the place of graves. The Hebrew phrase bnS ^''^'^^. ^5, ffcd abanim' gndol', rendered " a great heap of stones," refers to the heaps or tumidi which were raised over those whose death was cither infamous or attended with some very remarkable circumstances. Such was the monument raised over the grave of Achan (Josh, vii, 20) ; and over that of the king of Ai (Josh, viii, 29). The biu-ying of Absalom was distinguished by a similar erection, as a monument of his disgrace to future ages (2 Sam. xviii, 17). The same word ^3, gal, is com- monly used in reference to the heaps or ruins of walls and cities (Job viii, 17 ; Isa. xxv, 2 ; li, 37 ; Jer. ix, 10). Modem travellers abundantly testify to the acciurate fidfilment of Scripture prophecy in relation to the sites of niunerous ancient cities, particidarly of such as were doomed to become desolate heaps (Bastow). See Pil- L.VR; Stone. Other Heb. terms translated heap are: "l":n, cho'mer, a jnle (Exod. viii, 14, elsewhere a ho- JIER, as a measure) ; "^"p, mei', a kea}) of rubbish (Isa. x^•ii, 1) ; 'l!, neJ, a mound (Isa. xvii, 11 ; poet, of waves, Exod. XV, 8; Josh, iii, 13, 16; Psa. xxxiii, 7; Ixxviii, 13) ; iT2"lS', aremah', a j)t7e (e. g. of rubbish, Neh. iii, 34 ; of grain, Cant, vii, 3 ; of sheaves, Euth iii, 7 ; Neh. xiii, 15; Hag. ii, IG, etc.) ; ^Pl, tel, a hill (Josh, xi, 13; espec. a mound of rubbish, Deut. xii, 17 ; Josh, viii, 28 ; Jer. xUx, 2, etc.) ; with others of a more miscellaneous signification. See Mound.