Hedge, Levi, LL.D., a professor in Harvard Uni- versity, was born in 1777 at Hardwick, Mass. He grad- uated at Harvard University in 1792. " His whole life, from his childhood, may be said to have been connected with the University. In 1795 he was appointed tutor, and subsequently received the appointment of perma- nent tutor; in 1810 he was made college professor of logic and metaphysics ; and in 1827 he was transferred to the Alford professorship of natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity. In 1830 he was compelled by an attack of paralysis to resign his position. He died Jan. 3, 1844. He is remembered by many pupils as a faithfid instructor and kind friend." He published a" System of Logic" (1818, 18mo), which passed tlirough several editions, and has been translated into German. He was the father of Dr. F. H. Hedge, an eminent Uni- tarian minister. — Christian Examiner, xxxvi, 299.
Hedio, Gaspar or Caspar, one of the early Ger- man Reformers, was born at Ettlingen, Baden, in 1494. He studied theology at Freiburg and Basle, where in 1519 he sustained, in presence of Capito, the theses af- terwards printed under the title Conclusiones ex Ecan- gelica Scriptura ef veteri utriusqiie lingum theologia niu- ttiatas disp. Caspar Hedio (1519, fol.). They are 24 in number, treating on the attributes of God and predesti- nation, and evince a decided tendency towards the Ref- ormation. In 1520 he began to correspond with Lu- ther and Zwingle; in the same year he was called to IMentz on the recommendation of Capito, and was made court preacher and vicar to the archbishop. He resign- ed his offices in 1523, and retired to Strasburg. The chapter of that city offered him the pidpit of the cathe- dral, but the bishop refused to confirm the offer until Hedio had promised to confine himself to preaching the Word of God. His preaching was very popidar, because it was simple and Biblical. He was naturally timid, and incapable of taking a leading part in the reUgious
movement then going on ; but his services as coadjutor to Bucer and Capito in consoUdating the Reformation in Strasburg were very great. In 1551 he was sent, with Lenglin and 8(311, to confer with the German theologians on the subject of the Confession of Faith. He died at Strasbiu-g Oct. 17, 1552. Among his writings are Chron- icon Germanicum, oder Beschr. aller alien christl. Kirchen his aufs Jahr 1545 (Strasb. 1530, 3 vols.foL): — Smarafj- di abbutis Commentarii in EvuMgelia et Epistolas, wliich he translated himself into German : — Chronicon abbutis Uisperr/ensis correctum, et Paralipomena addita ah anno 1230 ad aim. 1537, translated also into German by him- self:— Sententim Ph. Melanchthonis, Mart. Buceri, Gasp. Hedionis et aliorum de pace Ecclesice, ann. 1534 (1G07, 8vo). Melchior Adam considers him also as the trans- lator of the histories of Eusebius, Hegesippus, and Jose- phus, and other works. See Melchior Adam, Vitoi Ger- manorum Philosophorum (Heidelberg, 1615-1620,4 vols. 8vo),i,116; UiLag, La France Protestante; Roeier, Xouv. Biofj. Generale, xxiii, 718. (J. N. P.)
Hedschra or Hedjra. See Hegir.v.
Heduosmon. See Mixt.
Hedwig, St., was the daughter of Agnes and Ber- thold, duke of Carinthia. She married Henrj-, duke of Poland and Silesia, by whom she had three sons and three daughters. They afterwards made a vow of chas- tity, Henry becoming priest and subsequently bishop, while Hedwig entered a Cistercian convent near Treb- nitz, without, however, taking the veil. She died there October 15, 1243, and was buried in the convent. She was canonized by pope Clement IV in 1267 (or 1268). She is commemorated on the 17th of October. See Ar- naud d'AndiUy, Vie des Saints illustres; Hoefer, Xouv. Biofj. Generale, xxiii, 728.
Heerbrand, Jakob, a Lutheran theologian, was born at Giengen Aug. 12, 1521. After studying at Ulm and Wittenberg, he was ordained at Tubingen, from whence ho was banished for objecting to the Interim; but he was soon recalled, and made pastor of Ilerren- berg. In 1551, duke Christopher sent him as one of tlie theological delegates to the Council of Trent. Charles, prince of Baden, employed him in reforming the church- es in his dominions, and in 1560 he was chosen professor of divinity at Tubingen, where he died May 22, 1600. Of his works, which are numerous both in German and Latin, the principal is Compendium Theologice (Tubin- gen, 1578, fol., often reprinted), a work which long held its place as a text-book. The negotiations between the Tubingen theologians of that time and the patriarch of Constantinople caused this compend to be translated into Greek (by M. Crusius), and to be sent to Constanti- nople. The Greek traslation was published, togetlier with the original, at Wittenberg in 1782. His opiw- nents used to call him, on account of his polemical zeal, Hollbrand (■■ hell-flre"). See ISIelchior Adam, Vit. The- olofforum, i, 137 ; Hook, Eccl. Biography, vol. v. ; Herzog, Real-Encijkiop. v, 627.
Heermann, Joiianx, a Silesian Protestant pastor and hymn writer, was born at Rauten, Silesia, Oct. 11, 1585. At school he displayed early talent. In 1611 he became pastor at Ktiben. During the Thirty Years' War Silesia was the seat of war and plunder, and Heer- mann was often obliged to conceal himself to save his life. He gave up his pastoral charge at Koben in 1638, and died Feb. 17, 1647, In the height of his troubles in 1630, he pubUshed a volume of hymns under the title Devoti Musica Cordis, and his productions afterwards were very numerous. Heermann's hymns are " distin- guished by great depth and tenderness of feeUng, by an intense love of the Saviour, and by humility, while in form they are sweet and musical." Many of them are still in use in Germany, and some have been translated into English. Two of them — "A Song of Tears" and "A Song of Comfort" — together with several hymns written during his last illness, are given in Winkworth, Christian Singeis of Germany, p. 197 sq,. with a sketch