Hemmerlin or Hammerlein, Felix (Malleo- lus), a Swiss theologian, was born at Zurich in 1389. After studying the canon law at the University of Er- furt he went to Rome. On his return to Switzerland in 1421 he was appointed canon at Zoffingen, and the year after he was made provost of St. LTrsus, in Soleure. '\\'ith the revenues of these livings he collected a large libra- ry. He took part in the Council of Basle (1441-3), and Avas conspicuous there for his zeal in reforming ecclesi- astical discipUne. He made many bitter enemies, and in 1439 they made an attempt on his life, and woimded him seriously. This did not, however, deter him from continuing his reproofs of the loose lives cf the clerg}', and the general lack of discipline. After long-continued cUsputes with his colleagues at Zurich, he was stripped, through their influence, of all his emoluments. He also drew upon himself the hatred of a party of his country- men by the thirtieth chapter of his treatise De Xolili- tate, in which he condemned the Swiss confederates, who in 1444 made war on his native city. Some mem- bers of this party, who attended the Carnival at Zurich
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in 1554, sei2ed Hemmerlin and carried him to Constance, where he was thrown into prison, and treated with great cruelty. He was unwilling to retract any of his writ- ings, and was condemned to perpetual imprisonment in a convent. He was taken to a monastery of bare- footed monks at Lucerne, and died there in 1457, a mar- tyt to his devotion, not, indeed, to evangelical, but to ecclesiastical discipline. Many of his writings are col- lected in Varia Oblectationis Opuscula et Tractatus (Ba- sle, 1497. fol.). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biorj. Genirale, xxiii, 268 ; Eeber, Felix Hemmerlin (Zurich, 1746) ; Herzog, Eeal- Encyklnpddie, v, 732.
Hemming (Hejijiixgius), Nicolas, an eminent theologian of Denmark, was bom in the isle of Laland in 1513. He studied four years at Wittenberg under Melancthon, and imbibed his mild spirit. Returning to Denmark, he became preacher, and afterwards professor of Hebrew and theology at Copenhagen. In 1557 he became professor of theology and vice-chancellor. He was a voluminous writer in exegetical, dogmatical, and practical theology, and his Latin style is highly praised. Opposing the Lutheran doctrine of ubiquity, he was greatly reproached by the Lutherans as a Crypto-Cal- vinist. In his Syntagma Institt. Christ. (1574) he ex- pressed himself on the Eucharist in a conciliatory way ; but this so-called recantation has been interpreted in accordance with the Calvinistic doctrine, as well as with the Lutheran. In 1579 he was made canon of Roes- kilde, where he died in peace in 1600. His Opuscula Theoloffica, including his shorter treatises, were edited by Goulart (Geneva, 1586, fol.). — Bayle, Dictionary, s. v.
Hemsen, Joiiann Tychsen, a German theologian, was burn at Boldixum (Schleswig) Oct. 15, 1792. He studied at Copenhagen and Gottingen, where he gradu- ated in 1821. In 1823 he became extraordinary profess- or of theology iu the University of Gottingen, and died there J\Iay 14, 1830. He wrote Anaxagoras Klazome- nensis, seu de vita ejus et philosoj)hia (Gijtt. 1821, 8\'o) : — Die A uthenticitaet d. Schriften d. Evangelisten Johannes (Schleswig, 1823 ; against Bretschneider's Probahilien) : — De Christologia Joannis Baptists (Gott. 1824) : — Der Apustel Puulus, sevi Leben, Wirken, wnl seine Schriften, posthumous (Gott. 1830, 8 vo), etc. lie also wrote in the Gelehrte Anzeigen of Gottini;cn. ami tlic Xeue Krit.Bib- liothek of Seebold; and editni St:uiillin's Gesch.u. Lit- eriitur d.Kirchengesch. (Hanover, l.-^i'7), and Jio-engarii Tunmcnds Liber de saci-a Coena, (uln ,:-<iix Litufrancum (Li)z. 1S30). See Neuer Nekrolog il. l)(iit.<rl,<ii \ 1830), i, 422-424 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gen. xxiii, 901. (.J. N. P.)
Hen (Heb. Chen, '^n, grace, as often; Sept. translates XajjiC, Vidg. Hem), the son of Zephaniah, to whom the prophet was sent with a symbolical crown (Zech. vi, 14) ; probably a figiu-ative name for JosiAii (ver. 10).
Hen (i)(>vi^, a bird, especially the domestic fowl, IMatt. xxiii, 37; Luke xiii, 34). We have no evidence that the ancient Hebrews were accustomed to the breed- ing of poultry, but that the later Jews were acquainted with it (Chald. Xnbiiapnn) is evident from 2 Esdras i, 80 ; Matt, xxiii, 87 ;' Luke xiii, 34 ; xxii, 60, Gl. Micha- elis is of opinion that the incubation of the common hen is referred to in Jer. xvii, 11. The original country of the common poultry fo\\i is India, where it is called the jungle bird. See Cock. The metaphor used in the passages of the Gospels where the term " hen" occurs has always been admired for its beauty. When the hen sees a bird of prey coming, she makes a noise to assem- ble her chickens, that she may cover them with her wings from the danger. The Roman army, as an eagle, was about to I'all upon the Jews ; our Lord expresses a desire to guai-d them from threatened calamities, but they disregarded his invitations and warnings, and fell
a pre}' to their adversaries Bastow. The word there
employed is used in the same specific sense in classical Greek (Aristoph. A v. 102, Vesp. 811), That a bird so .in- timately connected with the household, and so common
in Palestine, as we know from Rabbinical soiu-ces (Otho, Lex. Rahb. p. 256), should receive such slight notice, is certainly singular (see Reland, De gulli cantu Hier. au- di/o, Rotterd^ 1709 ; Detharding, id. Rost. 1752) ; it is al- most equally singular that it is nowhere represented in the paintings of ancient Egypt (Wilkinson, i, 234). — Smith. See Fowl. *