Henderson, Ebenezer, D.D., an eminent Scotch divine, was born at Dunfermline Nov. 17, 1784. At an early age he determined to devote his life to foreign missions, and went to Denmark, in order to sail thence for India. But he found work in the north of Europe in the circulation of the Bible, which occupied him for twenty j'ears. After several years spent in this way in Denmark, S^veden, and Norway, he was deputed by the
British and Foreign Bible Society in 1814 to proceed to Iceland on a similar mission; and in 1819 he was sent through Russia on the same eiTand. In 1826 he was appointed president of the Missionary CoUege at IIox- ton ; and in 1830 he was made professor of theology and Biblical literatiure at the Highbury College. His stud- ies in the language and literature of the Bible had been carried on vigorously during his previous long career in the ser\ice of the Bible Society, and he distinguished himself, both as professor and as author, by thorough and scholarly work. In 1850 he was compelled by de- cline of health to relinquish his Uterarj- labors, and'after a short service as pastor at East Sheer he gave up all public work. He died at IMortlake, Surrey, May 16, 1858. Dr. Henderson's reputation as a Biblical "critic was equal to that of any man of his time in England, and he was widely known and respected in other coun- tries. He received the degree of D.D. from Amherst College, Mass., and from the University of Copenhagen at the same time. His knowledge of the languages of the Bible was accurate, and he used freely most of the important living languages. He was orthodox in his theology, and never handled the text of tlie Bible in the reckless and arbitrary manner which was common in Germany iii his time. He was not an. elegant MTiter, and his translations of Scripture are not always in good taste ; but most persons competent to judge will agree to Dr. W. L. Alexander's judgment that " his contri- butions to Biblical Uterature are among the most val- uable the age has produced, especially his lectures on Inspiration, and his commentaries on Isaiah and the Mi- nor Prophets." His writings include Iceland, Journal of a Residence in that Island (Edinb. 1818, 2 vols. 8vo) : — Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, with Ohser- vations on the Rabbinical and Caraib Jews (Lond. 182G, 8vo) :— translation of M. F. Roos, Exiiosition of iJi.nul (1811, 8vo) -.—The Mystery of Godliness, on 1 Tim. iii, 16 (Lond. 1830) :— Z^u-Mic Inspiration (Lond. 1836, often reprinted, 8vo): — Commentary on Isaiah, with a new translation (London, 1840, 8vo) : — Connn. on the Minor Pro2)hcts, with a neto translation (London, 1845, 8vo) : — Comm. on Jeremiah, with translation (Lend. 1851, 8vo) : — Comm. on Ezehiel (Lond. 1855, 8vo). He edited, with additions, Stuart's translation of Ernesti, Elements of In- terpretation (1827, 12mo), YEgid. Gutbiiii Lexicon Syr- iacum (1836, 24mo), and a vew edition of Buck, Theolog- ical Dictionary (Lond. 1833, and often). A Life of Dr. Henderson has recently been issued (1869).
Henderson, John, a Scotch merchant and philan- thropist, was born in 1782 at Borrowstanes ; was bred to business, and was eminently successful in trade. His reUgious life was even more earnest than his mercantile zeal, and he devoted a large part of his ircome to benev- olence. He took especial interest in the observance of the Lord's Day, and offered prizes to worldng-men for essays on Sabbath Obser\-ance. See Sabbath. He was one of the most active promoters of the Evangel- ical Alliance (q. v.), and contributed largely to its funds. The Waldensian chiurches, as well as Foreign Missions, received large benefactions from him ; while at home, he was a constant contributor to the erection of church- es, and for all works of benevolence. It is said that for )-ears his charitable outlays amounted to more than £30,000 a year. He died at his residence. The Park, near Glasgow, May 1, 1867. — Evangelical Christendom, June, 1867.
Hengstenberg, Eexst Wilhelst, a German theo- logian was born Oct. 20, 1802. at Frcindenberg. in West- phalia, and was prepared for the ministrj' under the in- struction of his lather, who was pastor at Frcindenberg. Entering the University of Bonn, he gave himself earnest- ly to Oriental and philosophical studies, an early fruit of which appeared in his translation of Aristotle's Meta- physics (Bonn, 1824), and m an edition of the Moallahah of Amralkais (Bonn, 1823). In 1823 he went to Basle, where, under the influence of the Missionary Institute,
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he became earnestly interested in religion and theology. In 182-1 he became prieutdocent in theology at Berlin ; in 1826, professor extraordinary ; in 1828, ordinary pro- fessor ; and in 1829, doctor of theology. For many years his organ was the Evangelische Kirchenzeitunr/, begun in 1827, an orthodox journal, which, during its active and often stormy career, has rendered great service against Rationalism, but has also been noted for its violent po- lemical spirit in favor of Lutlieranism, and, of late, even of lUtuaUsm, as weU as of absolutism in Church and State. He was, after 1818, a bitter opponent of the \\n- ion of the Lutheran and Reformed churches in Prussia, so much desired by Frederick WUliam III, and by Mean- der and other leading theologians, against whom Heng- stenberg's severity of language was often inexcusable. His contributions to the Kirchenzeitunr/, during his for- ty-two j'ears' connection with it, were enough to make many volumes ; but he was, besides, a laborious ^vriter, especially in exegetical theology. He died June 3, 1869. His prmcipal works are Christolor/ie des alten Testaments (Berlin, 2d edit. 3 vols. 8vo, 1854-57 ; translated by Reuel Keith from 1st edit., N. Vork, 1836-39, 3 vols. 8vo ; also transl. by Theo. Mej^er from 2d edit. Edinburgh, 4 vols. 8vo, 1863) : — Beitrdge zur Einleitung ins alte Test. (Ber- lin, 1831-39,3 vols.8vo) : — Die Biicher Moses u.Erjypten (Berlin, 1841, 8vo) : — Commentar iiher die Psalmen (Ber- lin, 2d edit. 1849-52, 4 vols. 8vo ; translated by Fairbairn and Thompson, Edinburgh, 1857, 3 vols. 8vo) : — Erldu- terungen ii. d. Pentateuch, vol. i. (Die Geschichte Bileams, etc.), transl. by Ryland, Edinb. 1858 : — OJjenbarung Jo- hannis (2d edit. Berlin, 1861-62, 2 vols. 8vo; transl. by Fairbaurn from 1st edit., Edinb. 1851, 2 vols. 8vo) -.—Das Evangelium d. Johannes eiidutert (Berlin, 1861-2, 2 vols.; translated, Edinb. 1865,2 vols. 8 vo) : — Ezechiel erkldrt : — Ecclesiastes : — Das Uohelied Scdomonis ausgelegt (Berlin, 1853, 8vo). There are also the following additional translations from the Einleitung: Dissertations on the Genuineness of the Pentateuch, by Ryland (Edinb. 1847, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Egypt and the Books of Moses, by Robbins (Edinburgh, 8vo; Andover, 1843) ; On the Genuineness of Daniel and Zechariah, bound with Ryland's translation of the History of Balaam (Edinb. 1858, 8vo) ; Comm. on Ecclesiastes, with Treatise on the Song of Solomon, Job, Isaiah, etc. (Philadelphia, 1860).