4. Herod Philip I {(piXnnrog, Mark vi, 17 ; 'Hpw- c>;c, Josephus) was the son of Herod the Great by a second Mariamne, the daughter of Simon the high-priest (Josephus, Ant. xviii, 5, 4), and must be distinguished from Philip the tetrarch, No. 6. He was the husband of Herodias, by whom he had a daughter, Salome. He- rodias, however, contrary to the laws of her country, di- vorced herself from him, and married her uncle Antipas [see Nos. 2 and 5] (Josephus, /I «/. xviii, 5, 4 ; Matt, xiv, 3 ; Mark vi, 17 ; Luke iii, 19). He was omitted in the will of Herod in consequence of the discovery that Ma- riamne was conscious of the plots of Antipater, Herod the Great's son by Doris (Josephus, Wa7; i, 30, 7). See Philip.
5. Herodias CHpwdtctQ, Matt, xiv, 1-11; Mark vi, 14-16 ; Luke iii, 19) was the daughter of Aristobulus, one of the sons of Herod I by the first INIariamne, and of Berenice, the daughter of Salome, Herod's sister, and Avas consequently sister of Herod Agrippa I (Josephus, ^nf. xviii, 5,4; W'rtr, i, 28, 1). She was first married to her uncle, Herod Philip I, the son of Herod I and the second JMariamne, by whom she had a daughter Salome, probably the one that danced and pleased Herod Anti- pas, and who afterwards married her uncle Philip II. Herodias soon divorced herself from him, and married Herod Antipas, who was also her micle, being the son of Herod I and Malthace, and who agreed, for her sake, to ]uit away his own wife, the daughter of Aretas, kuig of Arabia (Josephus, Ant. xviii, 5, 1, 4). John the Baptist reproved her for her crimes in thus living in adultery and incest, and she took the first opportunity to cause
him to be put to death, thus adding thereto the crime of murder. Her marriage was milawful for three rea- sons : first, her former husband, Philip, was still alive {Siaarctaa Zi^vrog, Josephus, A nt. xviii, 5, 4) ; secondly, Antipas's wife was still alive ; and, thirdly, by her first marriage with Philip she became the sister-in-law of Antipas, who was consequently forbidden by the Jewish law to marry his brother's wife (Lev. xviii, 16 ; xi, 21 ; comp. Alford on Matt, xiv, 4). When Antipas was con- demned by Gains to perpetual banishment, Herodias was offered a pardon, and the emperor made her a present of money, telling her that it was her brother Agrippa (I) who prevented her being involved in the same calam- ity as her husband. The best trait of her character is shown when, in true Jewish spirit, she refused this offer, and voluntarily chose to share the exile of her husband [No. 2] (Josephus, ylK/. xvii, 7, 2). See Herodias.
6. Herod Philip II ('l>iXt7r7roc, Luke and Josephus) was son of Herod the Great and Cleopatra of Jerusalem ('IfpoaoXiijtiiT-ie), and was with his half brothers Arche- laus and Antipas brought up at Kome (Josephus, A nt. xvii, 1,3; War, i, 28, 4). He received as his share of the empire the tetrarchy of Batanea, Trachonitis, Au- ranitis, and certain parts about Jamnia, Avith a revenue of 100 talents (Josephus, Aiit. xvii, 11,4; War, ii, 6, 3). He is only mentioned once in the N. T. (Luke iii, 1, $1- XiTTTrov TtTpap\ovvro(f}. He was married to Salome, the daughter of Herod Philip I and Herodias, but left no children (Joseph. Ant. xviii, 5, 4). He reigned over his dominions for 37 years (B.C. 4-A.D. 34), during which time he showed himself to be a person of moderation and quietness in the conduct of his life and government (Josephus, Ant. xviii, 4, 6). He buUt the city of Paneas and named it Csesarea, more commonly knoAvn as Ctesa- rea-Philippi (Matt, xvi, 13 ; Mark viii, 27), and also ad- vanced to the dignity of a city the village Bethsaida, calling it by the name of Julias, in honor of the daugh- ter of Augustus. He died at Julias, and was buried in the monument he had there built (Josephus, Ant. xviii, 2, 1; 4, 6; Wa?; ii, 9, 1). Leaving no children, his do- minions were annexed to the Roman province of Syria (Josephus, A nt. xviii, 5, 6). Coins of Philip II bear the title TETPAPXOY. See Philip.
7. Herod Agrippa I (Upwdric, Acts; 'Aypimrac, Josephus) was the son of Aristobulus and Berenice, and grandson of Herod the Great (Josephus, Ant. xvii, 1, 2 ; Wa7; i, 28, 1). He is called "Agrippa the Great" by Jo- sephus (A7it. xvii, 2, 2). A short time before the death of Herod the Great he was living at Kome, and Avas brought up with Drusus, the son of Tiberius, and with Antonia, the wife of Drusus (Josephus, yl ??f. xviii, 6, 1). He was only one year older than Claudius, who Avas born in B.C. 10, and they Avere bred u\) together in the closest intimacy. The earlier part of liis life Avas Sjicnt at Kome, Avhere the magnificence and luxury in Avhitli he indulged involved him so deeply in debt that he Avas compelled to fly from Kome, and betook himself to a fortress at Malatha, in Idumrea. Through the media- tion of his wife Cypres and his sister Herodias, he was allowed to take up his abode at Tiberias, and received the rank of a;dile m that city, Avith a small annuity (Joseph, yl nt. xvi, 6, 2) . But, having quarrelled with his brother-in-laAv, he fled to Flaccus, the proconsul of Syria. Soon afterwards he Avas convicted, through the informa- tion of his brother Aristobulus, of having received a bribe from the Damascenes, who Avished to purchase liis influence Avith the proconsul, and was again compelled to fly. He Avas arrested, as he Avas about to sail to Ita- ly, for a sum of money Avhich he OAved to the Roman treasurj-, but made his escape and reached Alexandria, Avhere his wife succeeded in procuring a supply of mon- ey from Alexander the alabarch. He then set sail, and landed at Puteoli. He was favorably received by Ti- berius ; but he one day incautiously expressed the wish that Caius might soon succeed to the throne, which being reported to Tiberius, he Avas arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained tiU the accession of Ca-