HEROD
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HEROD
ius in A.D. 37 (Joseph us, A nt. xviii, 6, 10). Cains short- ly after gave liim the tetrarchy of Philip, the iron chain with which he had been fastened to a soldier being ex- changed for a gold one (Josephus, Ant. xviii, 6, 10). He was also invested with the consular dignity, and a league was publicly made with him by Claudius. He then start- ed to take possession of his kingdom, and at Alexan- dria was insulted by the people, who dressed up an iiliot, and bore him in mock triumph through the streets to deride the new king of the Jews (Philo, in Flaccum, 6). The jealousy of Herod jVntipas and his wife Herodias was excited by the distinctions conferred upon Agrippa by the Romans, and they sailed to Rome in the hope of supplanting him in the emperor's favor. Agrippa was aware of their design, and anticipated it by a counter- charge against Antipas of treasonous correspondence with the Parthians. Antipas failed to answer the accu- sations, and, after his exile, Agrippa received from Cains the tetrarchy of GaUlee and Persea (Josephus, Ant. xviii, 7, 2) ; and in A.D. 41, for having greatly assisted Clau- dius, he received his whole paternal kingdom (Judaia and Samaria), and, in addition, the tetrarchy of Lysanias 11 (comp. Luke iii, 1). Josephus says in one passage that Caius gave him this tetrarchy (.1 nt. xviii, 6, 10), but afterwards, in two places, that Claudius gave it to him {Ant. xix, 5, 1 ; War, ii, 11, 5). Caius probably promised it, and Claudius actually conferred it. Agrip- pa now possessed the entire kingdom of Herod the Great. At this time he begged of Claudius the kingdom of Chalcis for his brother Herod (Josephus, Ant. xix, 5, 1 ; War, ii, 11, 5).
Agrippa loved to live at Jerusalem, and was a strict observer of the laws of Ms country, which will account for his persecuting the Christians, who were hated by the Jews (Josephus, Ant. xix, 7, 3). Thus influenced by a strong desire for popularity, rather than from innate cruelty, " he stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the Cluu-ch." He put to death James the elder, son of Zebedee, and cast Peter into prison, no doubt with the intention of killing him also. This was frustrated by his miraculous deliverance from his jailers by the angel of the Lord (Acts xii, 1-19). Agrippa I, like his grand- father, displayed great taste in building, and especially adorned the city of Berytus (Josephus, Ant. xix, 7, 5). The suspicions of Claudius prevented him from finishing the impregnable fortifications with which he had begun to surround Jerusalem. His friendship was courted by many of the neighboring kings and rulers. In A.D. 44 Agrippa celebrated games at Cresarea in honor of the emperor, and to make vows for his safety. At this fes- tival a number of the principal persons, and such as were of dignity in the province, attended. Josephus does not mention those of T}Te and Sidon as recorded in the Acts (xii, 20). Though Agrippa was " highly dis- pleased," it does not appear that any nipture worthy of notice had taken place. On the second day Agrippa appeared in the theatre in a garment mterwoven with silver. On closing his address to the people, they sa- luted him as a god, for which he did not rebuke tliem, and he was immediately seized with violent internal pains, and died five days after (Josephus, Ant. xix, 8, 2). This fidler accomit of Josephus agrees substantially with that in the xVcts. The silver dress (i$ apyvpov Tniron]- Htvtjf Traua J/, Josephus; ttrQiira (iamXiKriv, Acts) ; and the disease (rip rt'ig yaarpog a\y)7/tnri rov fiiov icare- arpe-iptv, Joseph.; yevoixtvog ffKOjXrjKofSpojTOC e^e^^d^ei', Acts). The owl (j3ovj3wva ittI (jyoiviov nvog), yvhich on this occasion appeared to Agrippa as the messenger of ill tidings {dyyiXog Kaico)v, Josephus, A nt. xix, 8, 2), though on a former one it had appeared to Mm as a mes- senger of good news (Josephus, ^w^ xviii, 6, 7), is con- verted by Eusebius {H. E. ii, ch. 10), who professes to quote Josephus, into the angel of the Acts (evaTu^ev avTov ayytXoQ Kvpiov, Acts xii, 23. For an explana- tion of the confusion, compare Eusebius, I. c, ed. Hei- nichen, Excurs. ii, vol. iii, p. 556 ; Alford, ad loc). See Agrippa.
8. Herod Agrippa II ('AypiTTTrncActs; Josephus) was the son of Herod Agrippa I and Cypros (War, ii, 11, 0). At the time of his father's death (A.D, 44) he was only seventeen years of age, and the emperor ClauiUus, thinking him too young to govern the Idngdom, sent Cuspius Fadus as procurator, and thus made it again a Roman pro%ance (Josephus, A nt. xix, 9, 2 ; Tacit, j/ist. v, 9). After the death of his micle Herod in A.D. 48, Clau- dius bestowed upon him the small kingdom of Chalcis (Josephus, Ant. xx, 5, 2 ; War, ii, 12, 1), and four years after took it away from Mm, giving Mm instead the tetrarchies of Philip and Lysanias (Josephus, A7it. xx, 7, 1; War, ii,12,8) with the title of king (Acts xxv, 13; xxyi, 2, 7). In A.D. 55 Nero gave him the cities of Ti- berias and Tarichere in Galilee, and Julias, a city of Pe- raia, with fourteen villages near it (Josephus, Ant. xx, 8, 4; comp. War, ii, 13, 2).