iv, 23, etc.), which is on the side of the Hesychasts ; anc! the Historia Byzantina of Nicephorus Gregoras, which takes the other side. See Petavius, De Dogm. Theol. Ub. i, c. 12 ; Schrockh, Kirchengeschichte, xxxiv, 431 ; Mosheim, Church Hist. cent, xiv, pt. ii, ch. v; Gass, in Herzog, Real-EncyUop. vi, 52 sq. ; Engelhardt, in Zeit- schrift d. hist. Theol. viii, 48 ; Gieseler, Church History, per. iii, § 127 ; Bingham, Orig. Eccles. bk. vii, chap, ii, § 14; Domer, Person of Christ, Edinb. translation, div. ii, vol. i, p. 236. See Mysticism.
Hesychius, an EgjqDtian bishop of the 3d centiuy, who is mentioned by Eusebius (Hist. Eccles. viii, 13) as a reviser of the text of the Septuagint (see also Jerome, De fir. illust. 77). He also pubhshed an edition of the New Testament, of which Jerome does not appear to have formed a favorable opinion. He obtained the cro-vra of martyrdom in the Dioclesian persecution about A.D. 311. Nothing of his works is now extant. See Clarke, Succ. of Sac. Literattire, s. v. ; Larcbier, Wo7-ks, iii, 206 ; Hody, De Bihl. textihus originalibus (Oxf. 1705).
Hesychius, the grammarian of Alex.\ndria, is of micertain date, but probably lived about the end of the 4th centm-. He compiled a Greek Lexicon, which has been of inestimable service to philology and litera- ture. The best edition is that of Alberti and Ruhnken (Lej'den, 1746-66, 2 vols.), with adtUtions by Schow (Leipsic, 1792, 8vo) ; newly edited by Schmidt (Jena, 1857-64, 4 vols. 4to). See Eanke, De Lexici Hesychiani vera origine et genuina forma Commentatio (Leipzig and Quedlinburg, 1831, 8vo).
Hesychius of Jerusaleji, a Greek ecclesiastical writer of the 5th century (supposed to have died about A.D. 434). Consecrated priest by the patriarch of Con- stantinople against his wishes, he spent the remainder of his life in that city. This is about all that is known with any certainty concerning his hfe. He appears to have enjoyed great reputation, and wrote a number of books, the principal of which are. In Leviticum Lihri sej^tem (Latin only, Basle, 1527, foloi ; Paris, 1581, 8vo; and m Bibliotheca Patnnn, xii, 52 :— 2rtx>;pov (or Ke^c'i- Xaia') Twv (6' Trpo(p7]Twv Kai 'Haatov, Sdcheron (or Ca- piia) in duodecim prophetas minores et Esaiam, publish- ed by David Hoeschel with Adrian's Isagoge (Augsburg, 1602, 4to), and inserted in the Critici Sacri (London, 1660), viii, 26: — ' AvTippi]TiKa. or ^vtiku, published with Slarcus Eremita's Opuscula (Paris, 1563, 8vo), and re- prmted in the Bibliotheca veteruni Patnun of Fronton Ducieus (Paris, 1624, fol.), i, 985. A Latin translation of this work was inserted in the Biblioth. Patrum, xii, 194, imder the title Ad Theodulum Scrmo compendiosus ariimce perutilis de Temperantia et Virtufe, etc. : — Homil- i(e de Sancta Maria deipara, published bj' F. du Due in Biblioth. veterum Patrum, ii, 417: — To iIq tov liyiov 'Avdpiav tyx<^l^iov, Oratio demonstrativa in S.Andi-e- am Apostolum : a Latin translation of this work was in- serted ui the Biblioth. Pat?: xii, 188 : — De Pesui-rectione Domini iwstri Christi, and De Hora tertia et sexta qiiibus Dominvs fuisse crucifixus dicilur, in Combefis, Xorujn Auctai-ium: — TLIq 'loKiufov rbv aSeX^bv roii Kvpiov Kai AailS rbv Otoirdropa, of which extracts are given in Photius (cod. 275) : — Maprvpiov tov uyiov Kai tvSoKov liaprvpoQ Toii XpKTToii Aoyyit'ov roi' tKUTOvrdpxov, in Bollandus, ^If^rt Sanct. jMarch, vol. ii. Appendix, p. 736 : — "H tvayyeXiK)) m'i.t(pwi'ia, in Combefis, i, 773 ; an extract of it was inserted in Cotelier, Eccles. Grwc. Mon- ument, iii, 1, muler the title 'S.vvayioyi) anopioJv Kai tTTiXvffiwv tKXsyHffa iv tTiiToi.iy tK Ttjg 'EvayyeXiKijc "Zvptpwviaq. Part of the extant \\Titings of Hesychius are given in Migne's Patrologia Groeca, vol. xciii. See Photius, Bibliotheca ; Cave, Hist. Liter, i, 571 ; Tillemont, Memoires Ecclesiastiques, xiv, 227 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, xxiv, 589.
Hetaeriae (iTaiptiaC), associations or secret societies of the Romans, which were forbidden by an edict of Trajan soon after his accession, A.D. 98. Under this
HETERODOX
223
HETZER
commission, Pliny proceeded to severe measures against the assemblies of the Christians about A.D. 105.
Heterodox, a term "practically limited to belief in something that is contrary to the decision of some church or churches ; thus, when a Romanist or a Lu- theran, etc., speaks of heterodoxy, he means something in opposition to the teaching, respectively, of the Rom- ish or Lutheran Church, etc., so that what is, or at least is understood by hetei-odox, at one time or place, will be orthodox in another" (Eden, s. v.). See IMartensen, Dogmatics, § 28. See Heresy ; Orthodox.
Heterousians (of other essence ; fVt poe, oiiaia), a sect, the followers of Aetius, and from him denominated Aetians. See Aeti.vxs ; Arianisji.
Heth (Heb. Chetli, ntl, dread; Sept. 6 XirraToc, and so Josephus, Ant. i, 6, 2), a son (descendant) of Canaan, and the ancestor of the Hittites (Gen. v, 20 ; Deut, vii, 1 ; Josh, i, 4), who dwelt in the vicinity of Hebron (Gen. xxiii, 3, 7; xxv, 10). The "kings of the Hittites" is spoken of all the Canaanitish kings (2 Kings vii, G). In the genealogical tables of Gen. x and 1 Chron. i, Heth is named as a son of Canaan, younger than Zidon the firstborn, but preceding the Jebusite, the Amorite, and the other Canaanitish families. The Hittites were there- fore a Hamitic race, neither of the " country" nor the "kincb-ed" of Abraham and Isaac (Gen.xxiv,3,4; xxviii, 1, 2). In the earliest historical mention of the nation — the beautiful narrative of Abraham's purchase of the cave of JMachpelah — they are styled, not Hittites, but Bene-Chcth (A.V. "sons and children of Heth," Gen. xxiii, 3, 5, 7, 10, 16, 18, 20 ; xxv, 10 ; xlix, 32). Once we hear of the "daughters of Heth"(xxvii,46),the "daugh- ters of the land," at that early period stiU called, after their less immediate progenitor, " daughters of Canaan" (xxviii, 1, 8, compared with xxvii, 46, and xxvi, 34, 35 ; see also 1 Kings xi, 1 ; Ezek. xvi, 3). In the Egyptian monuments the name Chat is said to stand for Pales- tine (Bunsen, yEr/ypten, quoted by Ewald, Gesch. i, 317, note). — Smith. See Hittite.