HEUBNER
224
HEWIT
■Antitrinitarier, i, 13; Keim, in Herzog, Real-Enryldop. vi, 61. Baptist writers, however, deny the charges of Socinianism and immorality, and assert that Hetzer was not only a man of great learning, but of gentle spirit and deep piety ; and that he died a martjT to his Bap- tist principles. See H. Osgood, in Baptist Quarterly Revieu; July, 1869, p. 333.
Heubner, Heinuich Leonhard, a German theo- logian, was born at Lauterbach, Saxony, June 2, 1780, and was educated at Wittenberg. In 1811 he was made jjrofessor extraordinary of theology, in 1817 third di- rector of the Theological Seminary at Wittenberg, and in 1832 first director. In this office he served faithfully and laboriously until his death, Feb. 12, 1853. His pi- ety was marked, and saved him from neology and false philosophy. His writings include the following, viz. : Interpretatio Miraculorum Novi Testamenfi historico- f/rammatku (Wittenb. 1807): —Kirckenpostille (Halle, 1854, 2 \-ols.) ■.—Prediytm (Berl. 1847 ; Magdeburg, 1851) : — Praliische ErUdruni) d. N. Test. (Potsdam, 1855): — Katechismus-Predigten "(Halle, 1855) ; also a revised and much enlarged edition of BUchner's Biblische Ilandcon- cordanz (Halle, 1840-1853). See Hoefer, Norn: Biocjr. Geni'rale, xxv, 599 ; Tholuck, in Herzog, Real-EncyUoj}. vi, 04.
Heugh, HuGir, D.D., a Scotch Presbyterian divine, was bom at Stirling Aug. 12, 1782. His father was a mmister in the Anti-Burgher party of the Secession Church. The son was educated at the College of Edin- burgh, and licensed to preach in 1804. In 1800 he was ordained colleague to his venerable father, on whose death in 1810 he became pastor of the Stirling Church. His pastoral duties were performed with great fidelity : he was a preacher of uncommon power, and he aided all benevolent movements both by tongue and pen. In 1821 he became minister of the Regent Place Church in Glasgow, where he remained mitil his death, June 16, 1846. He published The Importance of Early Piety (Glasgow, 1826, 8vo) -.—State of Religion in Geneva and Belgium (Glasgow, 1844, 12mo). After his death Dr. Macgill pubUshed his Life and Select Works (Glasgow, 1852, 2d ed., 2 vols. 12mo).— Jamieson, Religious Biog- raphy, p. 202 ; Kitto, Journal of Sacred Lit. vi, 410.
Heuniann, CiiRiSTorH August, a German theo- logian, was born at Altstadt (duchj^ of Weimar) August 3, 1681. He studied theology and philosophy at Jena, and in 1705 travelled through Germany and Holland. After his return he became inspector of the College of Gottingen in 1717, and in 1734 professor of theology in the University of that city. He died j\Iay 1, 1764. His principal works arc Lnthcrus apocalypticus, hoc est his- toria ecclesiastica ex Johannea Apocalypsi eruta (Eise- nach, 1714, 8vo; Hannover, 1717, 8v^o): — Deutsche Ueher- setzung d.Neuen Testaments (Hann. 1748; 2d edit. 1750, 2 vols. 8vo) : — Erklarung des Neuen Testaments (Hann. 1750-1763, 12 parts, 8vo), a work which contains numer- ous ingenious explanations, along with many errors and paradoxes : — Erweis dasz d. Lehre d. reformirten Kirche von d. heiligen Abendnuihl die wahre sei (Eislebcn, 1764, 8vo), etc. See Heyne, Memoria I/eumanni (Gottingen, 1764); Krs( h imiH imher, EnryJclopddie ; Hoefer, A'o;/i'. Biog. Cfiiend,'. xxvi, 600; Herzog, Real-E7icykL vi, Go. Heusde, Von. See Hofstede de Groot. Hewing ("^n) of avood, a laborious service, chief- ly of slaves and aliens, to which the Gibeonites were condemned for the supply of the sanctuary by Joshua (Josh, ix, 23). Some of the Rabbins miderstood, how- ever, that while the Hebrews remained in camp, and before the land was divided, the Gibeonites performed this service for the whole body of the people ; but even they admit that afterwards their service were limited to the sanctuary. This service must have been sufficient- ly laborious at the great festivals, but not generally so, as they probably undertook the duty by timis. They were not reduced to a condition of alosolute slaverj-, but seem to have been rather domestic tributaries than
slaves, their tribute being the required personal service. See Gibeonite. In 1 Kings v, 15, we read that Solo- mon '• had fourscore thousand hewers in the mountams." The forests of Lebanon onh' were sufficient to supply the timber required for building the Temple. Such of these forests as lay nearest the sea were in the posses- sion of the Phoenicians, among whom timber was in such constant demand that they had acquired great skill in the feUing and transport of it. See Lebanon. It was therefore of much importance that Hiram con- sented to employ large bodies of men in Lebanon to hew timber, as well as others to bring it down to the sea-side, whence it was to be taken along the coast in floats to Joppa. The forests of Lebanon have now in a great measure disappeared, but Alcma Dagh and Jawur Dagh (the ancient Amanus and Rhosus), in the north of Syria, still furnish an abundance of valuable timber, though vast quantities have been felled of late j'ears by the Egjqjtian government. See Axe ; Wood.
He"wit. Nathaniel, D.D., a Presbyterian mmister, was boni in New London, Conn., August 28, 1788. He graduated A.B. at Yale College in 1808. He commenced the studj' of law, but soon became satisfied of his call to the ministry, and devoted himself to theology, mider the tuition of Dr. Joel Benedict, of Plainfield, Conn. In 1811 he was licensed to preach by the New-London Con- gregational Association, and, after preaching for a while in Vermont, went to the new theological seminarj' at Andover to gain still further preparation for his work. In 1815 he was installed as pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Plattsburg, N. Y. After some years of very successful labor there, he was called to the Congrega- tional Church at Fairfield, Conn. Here he became known as one of " the most eloquent and powerful preachers in the country, and here it was that his pulpit from Sab- bath to Sabbath sounded out that clarion blast of God's truth against intemperance, which, with a similar and equally powerful series of sermons at the same time from Dr. Ljnnan Beecher at Litchfield, soon aroused the whole Church and ministrv' of the land." He and Dr. Beecher were apostles of the American Temperance Reformation. In 1828 he resigned his charge at Fairfield to become agent of the American Temperance Society, then newly formed. " He addressed himself to this work with the spirit alike of a hero and a martyr, and prosecuted it with amazing ability and success. Far and wide, as he reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come, with invincible logic, with bold earnestness, with fearless fidelity, with torrents — often cataracts — of biu-n- ing eloquence, he moved, and fired, and electrified the people. The reform made rapid headway. It enlisted the gi-eat majority of the moral and Christian portion of society, the aged and the young, reclaiming many and guarding multitudes against intemperance. Of the astounding eloquence and effects of these discourses I have often heard, in forms and from quarters so various as to leave little doubt that what Luther was to the Reformation, Whitefield to the Revival of 1740, "Wesley to primitive Methodism, that was Nathaniel Hewit to the early Temperiance Reformation" (Atwater, Memorial Discourse). In 1830 he became pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Bridgeport, Conn. In 1831 he went to England in behalf of the cause of temper- ance, and his great powers of eloquence were never more signally displayed than on this visit. In power of log- ical argument and impassioned deliver}' few orators of the time exceeded Dr. Hewit. Returning home, he re- sumed his labors at Bridgeport, Mhere he served until 1853, when he resigned this charge, and assumed that of a new Presbyterian Church formed by members of his old parish. He had always been an adherent to the doctrines of the Westminster Confession. The East Windsor (now Hartford) Theological Seminar}' owed its existence and maintenance largelj' to him. In 1802 he was compelled by growing infirmity to withdraw from active duty, and an associate pastor M-as appointed. He died at Bridgeport February 3, 1867.