Hetherington, William M., a minister of the Free Church of Scotland, was born June 4, 1803, near Dumfries. He was educated at the University of Ed- inburgh, where he distinguished himself in Greek and in moral philosophy. His first service in the ministry was at Hamilton, where he was assistant to Dr. ]Meek, whose daughter he married. In 1836 he became min- ister of Torphicken, and in 1844 at St. Andrew's. At the " disruption" he went out with the Free Church. In 1848 he was appointed to Free St. Paul's Chiurch, Edin- burgh, and in 1857 he was called to the chair of Apol- ogetics and Systematic Theology in the Free-Church College, Glasgow, where his labors as lecturer were ex- cessive. In 1862 he was struck by jjaralysis, and on the 23d of May, 1865, he died. His writings, besides the ed- itorship of the Free-Church jMagaziue (1844-48), and numerous contributions to the Preshtjteridn Review and the North British Review, include the following : Dra- matic Sketches (poems, 1829, 8vo) : — The Fulness of Time (1834), characterized by Southey as a very original and able treatise : — Roman History (in Encyclop. Brit. ; sep- arately printed, 1852, 12mo):—7'/ie Minister's Family (1847 ; 5th edit. 1851, 12mo) ■.—Ilistorii of the Church of Scotland (1841, 8vo; last edit. 1853, 2' vols. 8vo) -.—His- tory of the Westminster AssenMy (1843, 12mo): — pos- thumous, The Apologetics of the Christian Faith ; being a course of University lectiu-es, with Introduction in- cluding a brief biographical sketch of the author by Dr. Alexander Duff (Edinbiu-gh, 1867, 8vo).
Heth'lon (Heb. Chethlon', '"P^n, icrapped up, i. e. a hiding-place ; Yulg. Hefholon), a place the approach (^'^1!> "way") to which lay on the northern border of Palestine, between the Mediterranean and Zedad, in the direction of Hamath (Ezek. xlvii, 15 ; xlviii, 1). In all probability the "way of Hethlon" is the pass at the (N. or S.) end of Lebanon, from the sea-coast of the Med-
iterranean to the great plain of Hamath, and is thus identical with " the entrance oi Hamath" (<i. d.) in Numb, xxxiv, 8, etc. Sec Porter, Five Years in Damascus, ii, 356.
Hetzel or Hezel, Joiiann Wiliielm Friedrich, a German Orientalist and theologian, was bom at Kij- nigsherg ]May 16, 1754. He studied at the universities of Wittenberg and Jena, and was appointed professor of Oriental languages at Giessen in 1766. In 1800 he was made librarian of the University of that city, and in 1801 was called to the professorship of Oriental litera- ture in the University of Dorpat, which oflice he held until 1820. He died Feb. 1 , 1829. Hetzel wrote a num- ber of works on the study of Oriental languages, the principal of which are Ausfiihrliche hebrdische Sprach- lehre (Halle, \m,8vo):—Nomimdf,nmiMr,' d. h.hrd- ischen Sprache (Halle, 1793, 8vo) :"— //^</;/////- /•!,i/,,/,u,i Hebnei (Halle, 1793, 8vo) :— Gesch. d. h, hrdU,!,, n lAUra- tnr (Halle, YilQ):—Stjrisch< Sjirarhh Inr (Lemgo, 1788, 8vo): — Arabische Grammitiik wh^t n'licr hurzen ara- hischen Chrestomathie (Jena, 1776,<Sv(i ). Among his the- ological works, the most important are I)ii- liihi 1. . 1 Ucs u. Neues Testament mit vollstdmlifj erlldrnnh k l:,i,i,r- hungen (Lemgo, 1780-1791, 10 vols.) :—Ni icr I 'nvurh i). d. Brief an d.Hebrder(L\iz. 1795, 8vo) : — Biblischcs Real- lexikon(Lpz. 1783-1785, 3 vols. roy. 8vo) -.—Geist d. Phi- losophic u. Sjjrache d. alien Welt (Lubeck, 1794, 8vo). See Eichhorn, Bibl. d. biblischen Literatur (v, 1022 sq.); Pierer, Universal Lex. viii, 360 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biograph. Generale, xxv, 598.
Hetzer, Ludwig, was born in the canton Thiu-gau, Switzerland (date unknown). When the Reformation broke out in Switzerland he was in the vigor of youth, and he entered into the movement with great zeal and energy. He was chaplain at Wi^densch^VJ'l, on Lake Zurich, in 1523, and in September of that year he pub- lished a tract against images, under the title Urtheil Gottes wie man sich mit alien Gotzen und Bildnissen hal- ten soil, etc., which ran through several editions, and greatly stirred the popidar mind. In October of the same year, when the second conferelicc on the use of images, etc., took place at Zurich, he was appointed to keep the minutes, and to publish an official account of them. Zwingle and CEcolampadius appreciated his tal- ents, especially his Hebrew learning, and, in spite of a certain heat and rashness which marked his character, they hoped much from his activity in the Reformation. In 1524 he went to Augsburg, with a recommendation from Zwingle, and there his learning and eloquence soon made him popular. But within a year, owing to a the- ological dispute with Urbanus Rhegius, in which Hetzer maintained Anabaptist views, he was compelled to quit Augsburg. Returning to Switzerland, he was kindly received at Basle by CEcolampadius, and was em])loyed early in 1526 in translating Zwingle's reply to Bugen- hagen into German. He seems to have satisfied both Z;vingle and Oicolampadius on this visit that he was not an Anabaptist ; but before the middle of the same year he was expelled from Zurich for preaching the new doctrine. At Strasburg he agreed with Johann Denk (q. v.) to issue a translation of the Prophets of the O. Tc It appeared in the spring of 1527, and passed in four years through thirteen editions. This work is now very scarce ; two copies, however, belong to the librarj' of the Crozer Theological Seminan,% LTpland, Pa. Het- zer seems to have imbibed the theological views of Denk, so far, at least, as the doctrine of the Trinity ia concerned, and to have aided him in sjireading his doc- trines in Worms, Landau, and other jilaces. He had previously been charged with looseness of morals, and in 1827 the crime of adultery was charged upon him. He was brought to trial and beheaded at Constance, Feb. 3, 1529. Such is the common account of Hetzer's life, founded on contemporary writings and letters of Ambrose Blaiu-er, Zwingle, and others of the Reformers. See Mosheim, Ch. Hist. cent, xvi, ch. iii, § 5 ; Trechsel,