The valley commences in a broad sloping basin to the west of the city, south of the Jaffa road (extending near- ly to the brow of the great wady on the west), in the cen- tre of which, 700 yards from the Jaffa gate, is the large reservoir, supposed to be the "upper pool," or "Gihon" [see Gihon] (Isa. vii, 3 ; xxxvi, 2 ; 2 Chron. xxxii, 30), now known as Blrket el-Mamilla. After running about three quarters of a mile east by south, the valley takes a sudden bend to the south opposite the Jaffa gate, but in less than another three (juarters of a mile it encounters a rocky hill-side which forces it again in an easterly di- rection, sweeping round the precipitous south-west cor- ner of Mount Zion almost at a right angle. In this part of its course the valley is from 50 to 100 yards broad, the bottom everj^ where covered with small stones, and cultivated. At 290 j-ards from the Jaffa gate it is cross- ed by an aqueduct on nine very low arches, conveying water from the " pools of Solomon" to the Temple jMount, a short distance below which is the " lower pool" (Isa. xxii, 9), Birket es-Sultan. From this point the ravine narrows and deepens, and descends with great rapidity between broken cliffs, rising in successive terraces, honey- combed with innumerable sepulchral recesses, forming the northern face of the " Hill of Evil Counsel," to the south, and the steep shelving, but not precipitous south- ern slopes of Mount Zion, which rise to about the height of 150 feet to the north. The bed of the valley is plant- ed with olives and other fruit-trees, and, when practica- ble, is cultivated. About 400 yards from the south-west angle of JMount Zion the valley contracts still more, be- comes quite narrow and stony, and descends with much greater rapidity towards the " valley of Jehoshaphat," or " of the brook Kidron," before joining which it opens out again, forming an oblong plot, the site of Tophet, de- voted to gardens irrigated by the waters of Siloam. To- wards the eastern extremity of the valley is the tradi- tional site of "Aceldama," authenticated by a bed of white clay still worked by potters (Williams, lloh/ Cify, ii, 495), opposite to which, where the cUff is thirty or forty feet high, the tree on which Judas hanged him- self was located during the Frankish kingdom (Barclay, ( "itii (if Critii Kiiifi, p. "iOS ). Not far from Aceldama is a <(>ii>iii(iiiiuslv situated tomb with a Doric pediment, isdinctiuK's known as the "wliited sepulchre," near which a large sepidchral recess, with a Doric portal liewn in the native rock, is known as the " Latibulum apostolo- rum," where the Twelve are said to have concealed themselves during tlie time between the Crucifixion and the Resurrection. The tombs continue quite down to the corner of the mountain, where it bends off to the south along the vallej' of Jehoshaphat. None of the se- pidchral recesses in the vicinity of Jerusalem are so well preserved ; most of these are very old — small gloomy caves, with narrow, rock-hewn doorways. See jEPtUSA-
LEM.
Robinson places "the valley gate,"Neh. ii, 13, 15; 2 Chron. xxvi, 9, at the north-west corner of Mount Zion, in the upper part of this valley {Researches, i, 220, 239,
HINRICHS
267
HIPPTCUS
274, 320, 353 ; Williams, Holy City, i, Suppl. 5G ; ii, 495 ; Barclay, City of Great King, p. 205, 208) ; but this part ■was rather called the Valley of Gihon. — Kitto; Smith. See Gil ION.
Hiurichs, Hermann Friedrich Wilheljf, a Ger- man philDsopher of the old Hegelian school, was born at Karlseck, in Oldenburg, August 22, 1794. In 1812 he entered the University of Strasburg as a student of the- ology, but changed for law in 1813 at Heidelberg. Here he studied under Creuzer and Hegel, and became a pri- vatdocent in 1814. In 1822 he was called to the Uni- versity of Breslau as a professor of philosophy. In 1824 Halle gave him a call, which he accepted, and here he remained until his death, August 17, 1861. The worlv which gave to him particular prominence as a HegcL. , was his Die Reliyioti im innern Verhdltniss zur Winst'ii- schaft (Heidelb. 1822), an essay that gained him a prize sustained by Hegel himself. — Brockhaus, Conv. Lex. vii, 933 ; Vapereau, Did. des Contemp. p. 885. (J. H. W.)
Hinton, Isaac Taylor, a Baptist preacher and au- thor of note, was born at Oxford, England, in 1799. His father, who was teacher in a boys' school of considerable repute, superintended his son's education. At the age of fifteen young Hinton was apprenticed at the '• Clar- endon Press," and in 1820 he set up as a printer and publisher. He edited and printed the Sunday Scholars' Magazine. In 1821 he was converted and baptized. He was soon licensed to preach, continmng, however, in busi- ness, which he removed to London. He also assisted his brother, John Howard Hinton, in preparing a History of the United States, in two quarto volumes, with 100 engrav- ings. While thus engaged, his republican feelings were so developed that he decided to emigrate to this coun- try. He arrived at Philadelphia in 1832. His services as a preacher were much sought, but he had resolved on fixing his residence in the West. He was, however, in- duced to accept the pastorate of the First Baptist Church in Richmond, Va. The church had a large colored mem- bership, a fact from which some embarrassment was ex- perienced by him in the consistent application of his principles. This, in connection with his original predi- lections, led to his removal in 1835 to Chicago, then in its infancy. The Church was unable to give him a suffi- cient support, and he was compelled to engage in teach- ing. His congregations were large, and he delivered a coiu-se of lectures on the Prophecies, which attracted much attention. The financial disasters of 1837, how- ever, depressed the material prosperity of his Church, and differences on the slavery question divided it. In 1841 he removed to St. Louis, where he labored for about three years, and enjoyed repeated seasons of revival and ingathering. In 1844 he accepted a call to Xew Or- leans, where he had every prospect of success and use- fulness, but his labors were cut short by the yellow fe- ver. He died in 1847. His lectures on Prophecy, above referred to, were repeated in St. Louis, and were pub- lished afterwards under the title The Prophecies of Dan- iel and John illustrated by the Erents of History. He also published a History of Baptism, from Inspired and Uninspired Sources. He was diligent, enthusiastic, yet cautious and investigating in his habit of mind, genial in his private intercourse, and an impressive public speaker. His ardor and energy fitted him for the work of which he did so much, that of a pioneer, founding and building up churches. (L. E. S.)