4. nS^, tsinnah' (lit. thorri), & fish-hook (Amos iv, 2; elsewhere a shield). See Fishing, etc. ; Angle.
In the same verse, nT'p, siroth', " fish-hooks," where both Sept. and Vulg. seem to have taken "I'^D in the sense of a pot or caldron instead of a fish-hook. See Caldron.
5. S^Tp, mazleg' (1 Sam. ii, 13, 14), "flesh-hook," and the S^ljbtw, "the flesh-hooks" (Exod. xxvii, 3, and elsewhere). This was evidently in the first passage a trident "of three teeth," a kind of fork, etc., for tiu-ning the sacrifices on the fire, and for collecting fragments, etc. See Flesh-hook.
6. r.i^pt^, mazmeroth' (Isa. ii, 4, and elsewhere), "beat their spears into prmiing-hooks" (cpt7rava,fal- ces). The Roman poets have the same metaphor (Mar- tial, xiv, 34, " Falx ex ense"). In jMic. iv, 3, in ligones, weeding-hooks, or shovels, spades, etc. Joel reverses the metaphor " pruning-hooks" into spears (iii, 10, ligo- nes) ; and so Ovid {Fasti, i, 697, in pila ligones). See Pkuxing-iiook.
7. Doubtful is Q';'!nSw% shephatta'yim, stalls for cattle ("pots,*^ Psa. Ixviii, 13), also the cedar beams in the Temple court with hooks for flaying the victims (Ezek. xl, 43). Other meanings given are ledges (^'idg. la- bia), or eaves, as though the word were C^rS'i; pens for keeping the animals previous to their being slaugh- tered; hearth-stones, as in the margin of the A.V.; and, lastly, gutters to receive and carry off the blood from the "siaughtered animals. Gescnius {Thesam: p. 1470) explainsthe term as signifying stalls in the coiu-ts of the Temple where the sacrificial victims were fastened : oiu- translators give in the margin " endirons, or the two hearth-stones." The Sept. seems equally at a loss, Kai TTiiXaiaTtjv e^ovffi yflffoc ; as also Jerome, who renders it labia. Schkusner pronounces yilaoc to be a barba- rous word formed from ■j^'^r!, and understands epistylium, a little pillar set on another, and cajntellum, columned. The Chaldee renders ■"'bpr", short posts in the house of the slaughterers on which to suspend the sacrifices. Dr. Lightfoot, in his chapter " on the altar, the rings, and the laver," observes, " On the north side of the al- tar were six orders of rings, each of which contained
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six, at which they killed the sacrifices. Near by were loio pillars set up, upon which were laid overthwart beams of cedar ; on these were fastened rows of hooks, on which the sacrifices were hung ; and they were Hay- ed on marble tables, which were between these pillars" (see vers. 41, 42 ; Works, vol. xi, ch. xxxiv, Lond. 1G84- 5-6). See Tkmlpe.
8. Obviously an incorrect rendering for "ji'SSN, ag- mon', a riish-ropc, used for binding animals, perhaps by means of the ring in their nose (Job xli, 2 ; elsewhere " rush" or " caldron"). See Flag.
9. Finally, ^(mrai>ii<p6pa in 2 Mace, xiii, 2 is rendered " armed with liooks," referring to the scyt he-armed char- iots of the ancients. See Chariot.
Hook, James, LL.D., an English prelate, was born in London in 1771, and educated at St. Mary's Hall, Ox- I'ord. He became archdeacon of Huntingdon in 1814, dean of Worcester in 1825, and held also other prefer- ments in the English Church. He died in 1828. Be- sides some dramatic pieces and novels \vhich are as- cribed to Hook, he published A ngids in Ilerba, a true Sketch of the Church of Enffhiml mid her Clergy (Lond. 1802, 8vo): — Sermons, etc. (1812, 8vo, and another se- ries in 1818, 8vo). For a biographical sketch of Hook, see the London Gent. Mag. April, 1828. — Allibone, Diet, of A uthors, i, 875.
Hooke, Luce Joseph, a French theologian of Englisli origin, was born about 171G, and educated at the seminary of " Saint-Nicolas du Chardonnet." He received the doctor's degree from the Sorbonne, and was appointed professor of theology in 1750. The following year he presided at the discussion of abbe Parades's ( ;. V.) thesis, which contained many heterodox doctrines, and which he had signed without reading. Hooke was deposed from his professorship ; but the professors of the Sorbonne and of the College of Navarre interceded in his behalf, and obtained the revocation of the order. At the outbreak of the French Kevolution he was made librarian of the Mazarin Library, but he held this place only a short time, when he retired to St. Cloud. He died in 179G. Hooke publisliod /,'( //-/A)///-.- naturalis rev- euitce et Catholieai Principia ( raris, 17."ik 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed. 1774, 3 vols. 8vo) ■.—Di-n-mir:; it Hejlex. crit. sur Vhist. et le goueerneinent de Vane. Rome (Paris, 1770-84, 4 vols. 12mo — a translation of one of his father's works from the English) : — Principe sur la Nature et VEssence du Pouvoir de VEgllse (Paris, 1791, 8vo). (J. H.W.)
Hooke, William, a Congregational minister, was hnrn in Southampton in IGOl, and educated at Trinit}' College, Oxford. After having received orders in the Church of England, he became vicar of Axmouth, in Devonshire. About 163G he emigrated to this country, as his nonconforming views had caused him considera- ble trouble, and in 1G44 or 1G45 he was installed pastor at New Haven, Conn. He was by marriage a cousin of Oliver Cromwell, after whose ascendency he returned to England, and became Cromwell's domestic chaplain. After the dcatli of Cromwell, Hooke became an ejected and silenced minister, and he spent his remaining days in retirement. He died near London Jlarch 21, 1678. Besides several sermons — among them, Neiv England's Tears for Old England's Fears, a Fast sermon (Taunton, 1640, London, 1641, 4to), which is considered one of the best productions of his day — he published The Privi- leges of the Saints on Earth beyond those in Heaven, etc., containing also a Discourse on the Gospel Day (1673). — Sprague, .4 yin. A m. Pulpit, i, 104 sq. ; Allibone, Diet, of Authors, i, 878.