Hottinger, Johann Heinrich, 2, a Swiss Protes- tant theologian, grandson of the preceding, was born at Ziirich Dec. 5, 1681. He studied theology at the unit versities of Ziirich, Geneva, and Amsterdam, and in 1704 was appointed professor of philosophj^ at ^Marburg. In 1705 he became professor of Hebrew antiquities, and in 1710 professor of theology. To strictly Calvinistic views he added most of Cocceius's principles, and from this mixture resulted a system of liis own, which he set forth in a treatise on dogmatics, entitled 7>/7J^^s Doc- irincB Christiana; (Francf. ad Jlaiu, 1714, 8vo). This work created great excitement; the author was ac- cused of inculcating mystical doctrines, and was obliged to resign his position in 1717. Hottinger retired to Frankenthal, where he became pastor of the Refoi-med Church. In 1721 he was appointed professor of theol- ogy at Heidelberg, where he died April 7, 1750. The most important of liis later writings are Uisquisiiio de Revelaiionibus > .rfrrinnUufn-iis in genere et de qnibusdam hodiemis vulgn di<iis /ii.-jiiratls in specie (1717, 8vo), in which he treats of the jn-ophets of the Cevennes, who were just then attracting great attention in Germany. — Hoefer, A'^ouv. Biog. Generale, xxv, 239 ; Hilgenfeld, Zeitschrift f. vissenschaftl. TheoL 1868, p. 31. (J. N. P.) Hottinger, Johann Jakob, 1, son of Johann Heinrich, No. 1, was liorn at Ziirich Dec. 1, 1652. He studied theology at Ziirich and Basle, and became, in 1680, pastor of Stallikon, near Ziirich. In 1686 he was appointed dean of the cathechal of Ziirich, and in 1698 ]irofessor of theology in the imiversity of that place. He died Dec. 18, 1735. Hottinger labored earnestly to establish a union of the Protestant churches, and with that view published his Diss, irenica de veritatis et char- itatis in ecclesiee Protestantium connubio (1721). He was an ardent opponent of the Roman Church, and wrote
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against it his Dissertaiio smcularis de necesmria majo- rttiii ab eccksia Romanu secessione (1719). Ilis princi- pal other works are, Jleh'eiische KircheiiffescJiichte (1608- 1729, 4 vols. 4to) : — Ueber d. Zustand d<-r SccJi' wich dnn Tode (1715) -.—Die christliche Lehre i\ il. Ii< ilsuiin n Cuade Gottes {illG) •.—Historia formidce cnii.-n nsns (ITl':'.):— Fctfa doc/rincB de prcedestinaHone et (jnUia Ihl (1727), etc.— I'icrer, Universal-Lexiknn, s. v. ; Herzog, Reid-En- ajklop. vi, 290 scj. ; Hoefer, Nuuv. Biorj. Genir. xxv, 238 sq.; Wahh, Bibliof/i. Theoloy. (see Index); Fuhmiann, liinuhrvrterhuch d. Kirchengesch. ii, G .')4 ; Gass, Doynitn- fjtvchh'hie, iii, 78 sq.
Hottinger, Johann Jakob, 2, nophew of a grandson of the foregoing, and also a distinguished the- ologian, was born at Ziirich May 18, 1783. He was ap- ])ointed ])rofessor of history at the university of his na- tive jilaec in 18-14, and died there May 18, 1859. His ]irineipal works are Gesch.d.Schweizer.Kirchentremmmj (Ziir. 1825-27,2 vols.8vo) : — HuldreichZwiiujU u.s.Zcit (ibid. 1811, 8vo). He also edited, in connection with Yogeli, Bullinger's Reformaiionsgesch. (vol. i-iii, Frauenf. 1840, 8vo). See Piercr, Univ. Lexilon, viii, 358 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gmerale, xxv, 239 ; Brockhaus, Com. Lex. viii, 108.
Honanies is the name of a IMohammedan sect of roving licentious Arabians, who dwell in tents, as is the custom of the Arabians. " They liavc a particular law, by which they are commanded to perform their cere- mo]iies and prayers under a pavilion, without any light, after which they lie with the first woman they can meet." Some followers of this sect are living concealed at Alexandria and other places. They are not tolerated b}' their fellow-countrj'men, and are burnt alive if dis- covered. The name given them signifies in Arabic wicked, lascivious, or ahomiiiaUe peisons. See Brough- ton, BibUoth. Hist. Sac. i, 495. (J. H. W.)
Hoiibigant, Charles Fkax^ois, a French priest of the Oratory, and an eminent Biblical scholar, was born at Paris in l(i8G. He joined his order in 1704, and soon became distinguished for his great attainments. He lectured successively on belles-lettres at Jeuilly, on rhetoric at Marseilles, and on philosophy at Soissons, and was called to Paris in 1722 to conduct the confer- ences of St. Magloire. His devotion to the duties re- quired by these new offices produced a serious illness, which terminated in total deafness. Being thus inca- pacitated for public duty, he devoted all his time to study, applying himself especially to the Oriental lan- guages. Towards the close of his long career, his intel- lectual faculties became impaired in consequence of a fall. He died at Paris October 31, 1783. In 1772 he founded a school for girls at Avilly, where he had a country residence, and at his death he left an annual in- come of 175 francs to that institution. His principal amusement was to set in type and print his works him- self, and for that purpose he established a printing- room in his country house. He wrote Racines de la Langue Hebruique (Paris, 1732, 8vo) in verse, in imita- tion of the Racines-Grecques of Rort-Koyal. In the preface Houbigant defends Masclefs system, and at- tempts to prove the uselessness and danger of vowel points in the study of Hebrew : — Prolegomena in Scrip- tiiram Sacram (Paris, 1746, 4to). In this -(vork he follows Cappel, seeking to prove that the original text of the O. T. has undergone alterations which, without touch- ing on points of dogma or of morals, tend to obscure the sense ; and he gives rules by which these faults, due most- ly to the carelessness of copyists, may be discovered and corractQA:— Conferences de Metz. In this work, pub- lished without name of place or date, he gives a j)opular expose of the principles of criticism developed in the preceding work : — Psalmi Ilcbraici mendis quam pluri- mis exjmrgati (Leyden, 1748, 16mo), the text corrected according to the principles laid do\\m by the author in his Prolegomena : — Biblia Ilebraica. cum notis criticis et versions Latina ad notas criticas facta ; accedunt libri