IIOWGILL
381
IIOYER
preacher of the Gospel were abundant and successful, and some of his published works hail a wide circulation in this country, and were republished in England. He was the author oi'J'Jnls of Infant Baptism: — The Cross: —The Covenants: — The Earhj Baptists of Vinfmia: — On Communion : — The Deaconship : — The ^Vay of Sal- vation. He left several works iu manuscript, among them, "The Christology of tlie Pentateuch." an enlarge- ment of " The Covenants," and '• Tlic Family." He was also a frequent contributor to the periodicals of his Churcli. (L. E. S.)
Howgill, Feaxcis, a noted preacher of " the Friyuds." was born about 1G38 in Westmoreland, Eng- land. He was brought up and eiUicated in the Church of England, but withdrew from the national Church af- ter grachiation in the luiiversity, and joined the Inde- pendents, among whom he held an eminent position as minister. In 1G52 he became an adherent to the doc- trines of George Fox, the (Quaker. Two years later, he sot out with two others of the Society of Friends to preach tlieir doctrines for the first time at London. He even went before tlie protector Cromwell, to seek his in- fluence ill aid of the (Quakers, who were then greath' persecuted, both in the country and at London ; but he does not seem to liave been successful in liis effort. He escaped, liowever, after tliis interview, all personal mo- lestatioji as long as he continued preaching in London. He and his friends next went to Bristol, where they met with much better success. "Multitudes flocked to hear them, and many embraced their doctrine." The clergy became alarmed, and Howgill and his colaborers were summoned before tlie magistrates, and commanded to leave the city immediately. Considering themselves entitled to remain, as '• free-born Englishmen," they tar- ried in tlie city, and continued to meet with success. In 1(5G3 we find Howgill at Kendal, again summoned be- fore the justices of the place, who tendered him the oath of allegiance, and on his conscientious refusal of it com- mitted him to prison, in which he remained until his deatli, Jan. 20, 1G88. Howgill wrote a copious treatise against oaths while in prison. He also published The IhiwninffS of the Gospel Day, and its lAijht and Glory discovered (Lond. 167G, fol.). See l^eaie, Ilistoi-y of the ruritans (Harper's edit.), ii, 4 13, 420 ; (iough. Hist, of the Quakers, i, 112, 12G, 144, etc. ; ii, 31, 9G sq., 23G sq. (J. H. W.)
Howie, Joiix, a Scotch Presln'terian, was born at Locligoin Nov. 14, 1735. His father died when John was only one year old, and he was removed to liis grand- parents'at Blackhill, where he received a limited educa- tion. In 17GG he returned to the farm of Lochgoin, to pursue the study of Cluu-ch history and religious biog- raphy, to which he had devoted niucli of his time for several years. In I7G7 his early religious impressions assumed the form of decided piety, and he determined to serve tlie Church by preparing the book for which he is celebrated. The Scotch Worthies. " It is a work of no inconsiderable labor; for, though the biographical infor- mation lie had procured, and with whlcli his powerful memory was richly stored, must liave greatly facilitated the task, yet, li\dng remote from cities, and almost shut out from the abodes of civilized life, the difhcidty of cor- respondence and the want of books must have tended not a little to render his task both painfid and irksome. Under all these disadvantages, however, did i\Ir. Howie, in the seclusion of Lochgoin, bring the work to a suc- cessfid termination. The first edition appeared in 1774, and a second, greatly enlarged, in 1785 (new edit., re- vised, corrected, and enlarged, witli a preface and notes by ^^'m. JMcGavin, Edinb.'and X. Y.. 1853, 8vo). Like the ' Pilgrim's Progress,' it has been long so extensively popular n'ith all classes of the community, that it has secured for itself a position from which it will never be dislodged, as long as Presby terianism, and a religious at- tachment to the covenanted work of Reformation, con- tinue to engage the attention of the natives of Scot-
land." Besides this work, ]\Ir. Howie published, I. a collection o{ Lectures and Sermoii.f, by some of the most eminent ministers, preached during the stormiest days of the Persecution :— 2. An Alarm to a secure Cr/K ra- tion:— 3. Faithful Contendinys displayed ; an accouiu of the suffering remnant of the Church of Scotland liom lG8l-lGi)l:— 4. Faithful Witness-beariny exemplijied : — r>. Patronaye Anatomized, a work which, next to the " Scots' Worthies," must be regarded as superior to all his other writings:— G. Vindication of the .}fodes ofhan- dti/iy the Elements in the Lord's Supper before yiviny Thanks; ^\Titten during the controversy on this sul)ject among tlie Antiburgher scceders: — 7. Clarksons jilain Reasons for Dissentiny,yi\{\\ a preface and notes, and an abstract of the principles of the Keformed presbytery regarding civil government : — 8. Preface to Mr. Brown of Wamphray's Lookiny-ylass of the Law and the Gos- pel. Howie died in Sept. 1791. "He was. indeed, a marked character, whether at home, in the public mar- ket, or at church; and wherever he went, the fame of his piety and varied acquirements contributed greatly to his influence" (Biogr. Sketch prefixed to the Amer. edition of his "Scotch Worthies"}. — Allibone, Diet, of Authors, I, Wo. (.LH.W.)