Tlie descendants of the Huguenots long kept them- selves a distinct people in the countries to which their fathers had fled, and entertained hopes of a return to their countrj^; but as time passed on these hopes grew fainter, while by habit and interest they became more united to the nations among whom it fell to their lot to establisli a new home. The great crash of the first Revolution finally severed all the ties that bound them to their native land. They either changed their names themselves by translating them, or they were changed by the people among whom they resided by mispro- nunciation. Thus, in England, " the Lemaitrcs called themselves Master; the Leroys, King; the Tonneliers, Cooper ; the Lejeunes, Young ; the Leblancs, White . the Lenoirs, Black ; the Loiseaus, Bird. Thencefonvard the French colony in London no longer existed. At the present day, the only vestige of it that remains is in the Spitalfields district, where a few thousand artisans, for the most part poor, still betray their origin, less by their language than by their costume, which bears some resemblance to that of the correspf)nding class in Louis Xn^'s time. The architectiu-e of the houses they in- habit resembles that of the workmen of Lille, Amiens, and the other manufactiu-ing towns of Picardy. The custom of working in cellars, or in glazed garrets, is also borrowed from their original country" (Weiss, p. 283, 284). In our own country also, where the Huguenots settled at an early day, their descendants may be found, particularly in New York, Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas ; and, as in England, they have become nat- uralizeil, and their names have been changed, until it has become difficult to recognise them. "Their sons and grandsons, little by little, have become mingled with the society which gave a home to their fathers, in the same way as in England, Holland, and Germany. As their Chiurch disappeared in America, the members became attached to other evangelical denominations, especially the Episcopal, Reformed Dutch, ^Methodist, and Presbyterian. The French language, too, has long since disappeared with their Church service, which used
to call to mind the countrj' of their ancestors. French was preached in Boston until the close of the last cen- tury, and at New York the Huguenot services were cel- ebrated both in French and English as late as 1772. Here, at the French Protestant church, which succeeded the Huguenot years since, the Gospel was preached in the same language in which the prince of French pulpit or- ators, Saurin, used to declare divine truth two centuries ago. The Huguenot church at Charleston, South Car- oUna, alone has retained in its primitive purity, in their public worship, the old Calvinistic liturgy of its fore- fathers. The greater part of the exiled French families have long since disappeared, and their scattered com- munities have been dissolved by amalgamation with the other races around them. These pious fugitives have become public blessings throughout the world, and have increased in Gennany, Holland, and England the elements of power, prosperity, and Christian develop- ment. In our land, too, they helped to lay the firm corner-stones of the great republic whose glory they most justly share" (G. P. Disosway, The JIurjuenots in America, as Appendix to Harper's edition of Smiles's Huguenots, p. ^2). See Beza, Jlist. ties EfjUses )e/ur~ mees en France (Antw. 1580, 3 voLs) ; Thuane, IliMoria sui temporis ^Paris, 1620, and often, 7 vols.) ; Davila, Storia delle (juerre civili di Fruncia (Venice, 1030) ; St. Aignon, Be Vital des Protestants en France (Paris, 1808; 2d ed. 1818) ; Lacretelle, Hisioire de France pendant ks guerres de la religion (Paris, 1814, 1815, 4 vols.) ; Benoit, Histoire de Vedit de Nantes (Delft, 1093, 2 vols.) ; Rul- hiere, Eclaircissements historiques siir les causes de la Revocation de VEdit de Nantes (Par. 1788, 2 vols.) ; Court de Gebelin, Hist, des troubles des Cevennes (V'illefranche, 1700, 2 vols.); Browning, Hist, of the Huguenots (Lond, 1828, 2 vols.) • Brockhaus, Conversations-Lexikon, viii, 129 sq. ; Pierer, Universal Lexikon, viii, 583 sq. ; Weiss, History of the French Protestant Refugees ; Coquerel, Histoire des Eglises du desert (Paris, 1857, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Felice, Histoire des Protestants de France ; Peyrat, His- toire des Pasteurs du Desert (Paris, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Crowe, Historg of France (London, 1807, 1869, 5 vols.) ; Smiles, The Huguenots (3d edit. London, 1869) ; Loml Rev. July, 1855; Chambers, Cyclop, y, 450 sq. For special biog- raphies, Haag, La France Protestante (Par. 8 vols. 8vo) ; Michelet. Louis XIV et la Revocation de VEdit de Nantes (Paris, 1860, 8vo) ; IMichelet, Guerres de Religion (Par. 1857, 8vo) ; Drion, Histoire Chronol. de VEglise Protes- tante de France (2 ^-ols. 12mo) ; Smedle)', Histoiy of the Reformed Religion in France (London, 1827,3 vols.); Athanase Coquerel fils, Les Forcats pour la foi (Paris, 1868). (J. H. W.)
Hugues. See Hugo.
Huguet, jMauc Antoixe, a French prelate, was bom at Moissac in 1757. He entered the sacred order in his youth, and became ciu-ate of a little village in Auvergne. in 1791 he was elected bishoji of Creuse. During the French Revolution he was a member of the Legislature, and of the National Convention, and voted for the death of the king. Complicated in several popular disturb- ances, and conspiring against the established govern- ment, he was arrested in 1795, and imprisoned at Ham for several months. iMigaging in another conspiracy which failed to accomplisli its object, he was again ar- rested, condemned to death, and executed Oct, 6, 1709. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gen. xxv, 466.