Huntington, Robert, D.D., a distinguished Eng- lish tlieologian and Orientalist, was born in February, l(i36, at Deorhyrst, in Gloucestershire, where his father, of the same names, was parish clergyman. He was edu- cated at the free-school of Bristol, was admitted in 1652 a portionist of Merton College, Oxford, received his bach- elor's degree in 1658, and was shortlj^ after elected to a fellowship in that college. He took his degree of mas- ter of arts in 1663, and, having then applied himself with great success to the study of the Oriental languages, he was in 1670 appointed to the situation of cliajilain at Aleppo. From 1677 to 1682 he travelled in the East, and a short time after his return, in 1683, was appointed provost or master of Trinity College, Dublin, receiving about this time the degree of D.D. ; he resigned this po- sition in lG9I,and once more retimied to England. In August, 1692, he was presented by Sir Edward Tiu-ner to the rectory of Great Hallingbury, in Essex; and while there he married a sister of Sir John Powell, one of the justices of the King's Bench. In 1701 he was elected bishop of Kaphoe, but he died before consecration, Sept. 2, of this year. Dr. Huntington is principally distin- guished for the numerous Oriental manuscripts which he procured while in the East and brought with him to England. Besides those which he purchased for arch- bishop Marsh and bishop Fell, he obtained between six and scA'en hundred for himself, which are now in the Bodleian Library, to which he first presented thirty-five of them, and then sold the rest in 1691 for the small sum of £700. Huntington, however, missed the principal ob- ject of his search, the verj' important Syriac version of the epistles of St. Ignatius, a large portion of which was recovered in 1843 by Mr, Tattam from one of the very monasteries in Nitria which Huntington had visited in the course of his inquiries. Several of Huntington's let- ters, which are addressed to the archbishop of ilount Sinai, contain inquiries about the manuscript of St. Ig- natius, and the same earnest inquiries are made in his letters to the patriarch of Antioch. See Vita If.et epis- tolw, edited by Thomas Smith (Lond. 1704, 8vo); Enff- luih Cyclop, s. V. ; .Vllibone, Diet, of A uthors, i, 924 ; Hook, Eccles. Biog. vi, 224 ; Darling, Cyclop. Biblioyr. i, 1585. (J. H. W.)
Huntington, William, a CaMnistic Jlethodist preacher, was born in 1744. He passed his early life in menial service and dissii)ation, but after conversion he
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entered the ministrj', and became a popular preacher in London. On his books he took tlie title of S. S., or Sinner Saved. He died m 1813. A review of his works by Southey wiU be found in the Quurteiiy Review, xx, 462, His writings have been collected and published : Works (London, 1820, 20 vols. 8vo, and his select works, edited by his son, 6 vols. 8vo, 1838, and reprinted in 1856) : — Contemplations on ike God of Israel, in a series of letters to a friend (Sleaford, 1830, i2mo) -.—The Lmv established bi/ the Faith of Christ, a sermon on Rom. iii, 81 (Lond. 1786, 8vo) -.—The Epistle of Faith (Lond. 1789, 8vo) :— The Kingdom of Heaven taken by Prayer, with Life of the author (Andover, 1832, 32mo) : — The leise and fool- ish Viryins described, the substance of two sermons on IMatt. XXV, 3, 4 (Lond. 1803, 8vo).— Darling, Cyclopcedia JJiUiof/nijihica, i, 1586.
Hiinyad, Joh^vxxes Corvinus. See Hungary.
Enpfeld, Herjiann, D.D., a German theologian, and one of the most distinguished Hebraists of Europe, son of the clergyman Bernhard Karl Hupfeld, who died at Spangenburg, Hesse, in 1823, was born March 31, 1796, at Marburg, and educated at the university of his native ])lace, under the especial protection of the great Orientalist Arnoldi (q. v.). After preaching a short time as assistant to the first Reformed preacher of Mar- burg, he accepted in 1819 the position as third teacher at the gymnasium at Hanau. He resigned in 1822 on account of impaired health, and, after a summer's jour- ney through Switzerland, and the use of mineral wa- ters at the springs of t^vo ^vatering-places in Wiirtem- berg, he went first to his father's house at Spangenburg to resume his theological studies and to prepare for the ministry, and later to the University of Halle, where he became acquainted with Gcsenius, rnd was led to a more thorough study of the Scriptures, especially the Old Testament. In 1824 he began to lecture at the university, and prepared an elaborate essay on the Ethi- opic language {ETerdtationes JEthiopic(e,l^i\iz\g, 1825), which was favorably received and commented upon in the Ileidelbei'ffer Jahrbiicher and the Ilallische Liierutur Zeitung. In 1825 he was appointed extraordinary pro- fessor of theology at the University of Marburg, and in 1827, after Hartmann's death, professor ordinaiixis of the Oriental languages, retaining the chair of theology, which was made a regular professorship in 1830. During the Revolution of 1830 he was on the side of those who favored a reform of the ecclesiastical constitution of Hesse, and strongly opposed the conservative minister Hassenpflug. In 1843 he went to Halle as the successor of Gesenius, by whose influence Hupfeld had received the degree of D.D. in 1834. During the revolution of 1848 he was active in the interests of a popular form of government, and urged the establishment of a German empire on a historical basis. He died April 24, 1866. In theology, Hupfeld was called orthodox in Germany, but in America he would be much more likely to have been classed with "Liberals." On inspiration, for instance, he held that only certain portions of the sacred writings are of divine origin, and that the Spirit reveals to all sincere readers the real character of such passages. In criticism, he belonged to the school of his friend De Wette (q. v.). " His researches Nvere extensive, but guarded in their deductions by liis caution. In the elaboration of his ■works he was extremely fastidious. A connoisseur in work, he could not go on if the machinery M-ere not ex- act, if one slight element were lacking to harmony and completeness. This sensibility sometimes impeded the activities of a mind whose powers of acquisition and production were immense. In his department he was among the first scholars of his day. Few burial-groimds, indeed, inclose the ashes of two such savans as Hupfeld and his predecessor Gesenius. At the close of his ardu- ous life, when in his seventy-first year, his mental vigor showed no decline, his dihgence no slackening. As a religious man, Hupfeld belonged to the Pietists, who correspond in tlie religious scale with om strict evan- gelical Christians. He was a devout man, though not