after our stamp of devotion. It is doubtful whether he knew anything by experience of our immediate conver- sion. Probably he was never in a prayer-meeting ; and he looked upon revivals as questionable, if not objec- tionable measures. Of devotional methods and exer- cises, then, he had Umited knowledge ; but he believed, nevertheless, 'with the heart unto righteousness.' He lived as all Christians must live, by faith" (A'. Y. Meth- odist, 1866, No. 318). Hupfeld left mere monographs, the results of most careful inquiry on certain points bearing on the subjects to which he devoted his later years, and but few books proper. Thus, in 1841, he com- menced a Hebrew grammar, in which he attempted to pursue the same course in the Shemitic as Grimm did in the Germanic language, viz. the development of the Hebrew f/enetically by a consideration of its somids. Only a few sheets of the work were published, under the title Kritisches Lehrb. der hebr. Sprache uml Schy-ift (Cassel, 1841). His most important works are, Ueber d. Begriffu. d. Methode d. bibl. Einleit. (Marb. 1844):—, De antiquioribus apud Jud(BOS accentuuni scriptoribus (Halle, 1846 and 1847, 2 vols.) i—De primit. et verafesto- rum apud Hebrceos rations (1851, 1852, 1858, 1865, 2 vols.) : — Qucest. in Jobeidos locos (1853) : — Die Quellen d. Genesis (Berl. 1835) : — Die Psalmen, iibersetzt n. erklart (1855-62, 4 vols. 8vo ; of a 2d ed., begun in 1867 by Dr. Edward Riehm, 3 vols, are now [1870] published) : — Die heiitige theosoph.it. myiholog. Theologie iind Schriftei-kla- rung (Berlin, 1861). A biography of Hupfeld was pub- hshed by Dr. Riehm {Dr. Hermann Hupfeld, Halle, 1867). See Theol. Univ. Lex. i, 374 ; Pierer, Universal Lex. viii, 63 1 ; Stud. u. Krit. 1868, i, 184 sq. ; Jahrb. deutsch. Theolog. 1868, iv, 758 sq. ; Bib. Sac. 1866, p. 673 sq, (J. H. W.) Hu'pham (Heb. Chujiham', t£'n, according to Gesenius perh. coast-man, according to Furst screened; Sept. omits, but some eds. have 'Orpafi ; Vulg. Hupham), a person apparently mentioned as one of the sons of Benjamin (Numb, xxvi, 39) ; elsewhere less correctly called HuppiM (Gen. xlvi, 24). His descendants are called HuPH.\:«iTES (Hebrew Chuphami', *i^SW, Sept. omits, but some eds. '0^o^(i,Vidg. Huphainita, Numb. xxvi, 39). B.C. 1856. The name Hupipim being in the pliu". (Heb. Chuppim' , D'^BH, covei-ings ; Sept. omits in Gen. xlvi, 21, but some copies have 'Qcpfxlv or 'O0(/(('/z as a son of Bela; Vulg. Ophim), suggests the possibiUty that it is a contraction for Hvphamites. See SHUPPur. The only other passages where it occturs are 1 Chron. vii, 12 (Sept. 'Aipt'tp, Vulg. Hapham) and 15 (Sept. 'A^0f I'/j, Vulg. Happhim), in both which it has tiie same fraternity with Shuppim, and m the latter mention is made of a sister Jlaachah as married to Machir, the son of jNIanasseh by a concubine, while in the former Hup- pim and Shuppim are expressly called the sons of Ir, apparently a son of Benjamin additional to the three mentioned in ver. 6, but probably not the Iri mentioned in ver. 7. Hence results the probability that Hupham, whose descendants are thus spoken of, was a grandson of Benjamin, and consequently a son of one of his five sons expressly named in order in 1 Chron. viii, 1, 2, but whether of the fourth or fifth is uncertain. See Ben-
JAJIIN.
Hu'phamite (Numb, xxvi, 39). See Huphaji.
Hup 'pah (Heb. Chuppah', Hgn, a coveiing or bri- dal canopy, as in Psa. xix, 6 ; also protected, as in Isa. iv, 5; Sept. '0(ppd v. r. 'Oir(pa, and even 'Oxxo(p(pa'), the head of the thirteenth of the twenty-four clas.ses into which David divided the priests (1 Chron. xxiv, 13). B.C. 1014.
Hup'pim (Gen. xlvi, 21 ; 1 Chron. vii, 12). See Hupham.
Hur (Heb. Chih; "iin, a hole, as of a viper, Isa. xi, 8 ; also a narrow and filthy subterranean /?mo??, Isa. xlii, 22; comp. the "black hole" of Calcutta; othenvise no- ble; Sept. "Qo, Oi'p, but Soi'p in Neh. iii, 9; Josephus 'Opoc and Ovpt]£), the name of five men.
J
HURAI
415
HURTER
1. A son of Caleb (Jiulali's preat-graudsoii through Hezron), the first one by his second wife Ephrath, and grandfather of Bezaleel (q. v.), the famous artificer, tlirough Uri (1 Chron. ii, 19, 50; iv, 1, 4; comp. ii, -iO; 2 Chron. i, 5; Exod. xxxi, 2; xxxv, 30; xxxviii, 22). B.C. between 185{) and 1658. By some (after Joseph us, Afif. iii, G, 1) he has been confounded with the following.
2. The husband of Miriam, tlie sister of Closes, ac- cording to Josephus (Ant. iii, 2, 4). During the conflict with tlie Amalekites he assisted Aaron in sustaining the arms of Closes in that praying attitude upon which the success of the Israelites was found to depenil (Exod. xvii, 10-12); and when Moses was absent on Sinai to receive the law, ho associated Hur with Aaron in charge of the people (Exod. xxv, 14). B.C. 1G58.
3. The fourth named of the five princes or petty kings of INIidian ('pt^ ''r?'?)» '^'^^ v>'ere defeated and slain shortly before the death of IMoses by the Israelites, under the leadership of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar (Xumb. xxxi, 8; Josephus, Atit. iv, 7, 1). B.C. 1G18. In Josh, xiii, 21 these five Midianites are termed '^3''p3 "(ilT^p, the vassak of S ikon, and are also described as V"lXn "'l'^'^) dwellers in the land, which Keil (ad loc.) explains as meaning that they had for a long time dwelt in the land of Canaan witli the jMoabites, whereas the Amorites had only recently effected an entrance. After the defeat of Sihon these chieftains appear to have made common cause with Balak, the king of Jloab (Numb, xxii, 4, 7), and to have joined with him in urg- ing Balaam to curse the Israelites. The evil counsel of Balaam having been followed, and the Israelites in con- sequence seduced into transgression (Numb, xxxi, 16), Moses was directed to make war upon the IMidianites. The latter were utterly defeated, and " Balaam also, the son of Beor, they slew with the sword." See Sihon.