A
INTRODUCTION
633
INTROIT
*
redncfn (Viennre, 1805). This work liasliccn rcpiil)lisli- ed by F. Ackermann, in what aro asserted to lie the third and fourth editions, luider the title of fn/nxhic/io In Li- bros Sacros Veteris Testamntti, iiaibii.i (inidcmiri.'^ dccom- viodata (Vienna;, 1825 and 1839). But tliese so-called new editions are full of alterations and mutilations, which remove every free expression of .Tahn, who be- longed to the liberal period of Ihc eiii|i< inr Joseph. J. L. Hug's Einleitung in das Xi nf 'I', .<t,iiii<iit (Stuttgart and Tubing. 1800, 2 vols. ; 4th ed. 1.S47) surpasses Jahn's work in ability, and has obtained much credit among Protestants by its learned explanations, although these frequently swerve from the point in question. Hug's work has been translated into English by the Rev. D. G. Wait, LL.D. ; but this translation is much surpassed by that of Fosdick, published in the United States, and enriched by the addenda of IMoses Stuart. The polem- ical antl apolcgetical style prevails in the work of J. G. Herbst. llhlorl'irh-lrUhrhc Khd(ilini;i hi dh' Srhriften des Attdi 'J'l.'ffdiiK ///(.< (rimi|ilete(l ;ui(l (ilili'd after the death of the author liy Welte. Carlsndie. l.sKi) ; and in LTntrodiicthni llistoriqne et Critiqiii' <u(.r Lirrcs dc VAn- cien et dii Xouveaii. Testament, by .1. 1$. (ilaire (Paris, 1839, 4 vols.). The Avork of the" exeellent Feilmoser, who died in 1831. Kinlnlnn;/ in die Hiirlu r des Xeiieu Bnndes (2d cd. Tiil)in,';-en. 1S30). forsakes the )iositi(.n of a true Uoman Catholic, inasnuich as it is ilistinguisli- ed by a noble ingenuousness and candor. Tlie same remark in a great measure applies to the still later -work of Scholz, Kitd. in d. keil. Schriften d. A . vnd X. T. (vol. i general introd. Cologne, 1845). Among the best Roman Catholic contributions to this branch of Biblical litera- ture are the works of Reusch, Lehrh. dei- Kinleitimg in das A. T. (Freib. 3d ed. 18G8), and Langen, Grvnilriss der Einleitune; in da3 N. T. (Freib. 18G8).
In Great I3ritain, besides the above works of Home and Hamilton, we may especially name the following as introihictory in their character. Collier's Sacred Inter- preter (1746, 2 vols. 8vo) was one of the earliest publi- cations of this kind. It went through several editions, and was translated into German in 1750. It relates both to the Old and New Testament, and is described by bishop IMarsh as "a good popular preparation for the study of the holy Scriptures." Lardner's History of the Apostles and Ei-angelists (1756-57, 3 vols. 8vo) is de- scribed by the same critic as an admirable introchiction to the New Testament. " It is a storehouse of literary information, collected with equal industry and fidelity." From this work, from the English translation oI'Micha- elis's Introduction (1761), and from Dr. Owen's Observa- tions on the Gospels (1764), Dr. Percy, bishop of Dromore, compiled a useful manual, called A Key to the Neio Tes- tament, which has gone through many editions, and is much in request among the candidates for ordination in the Established Church. The Key to the Old Testament (1790), by Dr. (iray, afterwards bishop of Bristol, was written in imitation of Percj^'s compilation; but it is a much more elaborate performance than the Key to the Neiv Testament. It is a compilation from a great vari- ety of works, references to which are given at the foot of each page. Bishop Marsh speaks of it as " a very iisefid publication for students of divinity, who will find at one view what must otherwise be collected from many writers." It is now, however, almost entirely be- hind the times. Dr. Harwood's Introduction to the Study and Knowledge of the Xew Testament (1767, 1771,2 vols. 8vo), although noteworthy in this connection, is not prop- erly an introduction to the New Testament, in the usual and proper sense of the term. It does not describe the books of the New Testament, but is a collection of dis- sertations relative partly to the character of the sacred writers, Jewish historj^ and customs, and to such parts of heathen antiquities as have reference to the New Tes- tament. The first volume of bishofi Tomline's Elements of Christian Theology contains an introduction both to the Old and to the New Testament, and has been pub- lished in a separate form. It is suited to its purpose as
a manual for students in divinity ; but the standard of present attainment cannot be very high if, as Alarsh states, " it may be read with advantage by the most ex- perienced divine."
The latest and most important M'orks in this depart- ment are the following : Hengstenberg, Beitrage zur Einleitung ins A. B. (Berlin, 1881); Hertwig. Tahlhn z. Einleitung ins X.T. [a useful compilation] (I!(rl. 1S49; 3d ed. 1865); Maier (Roman Catholic). /.///A ////ay/ in d. Schriften des X. T. (Freib. 1852) ; Keil, Lehrhiirh der Ilistorisch Kritischen Einleitung ins Alte Test. (Frankf. ai^d Erlang. 1853 [a highly judicious work in most re- spects] ; translated in Clarke's Library, Edinb. 1870, 2 vols.) ; Davidson, Introd. to the 0. Test, [a different work from that contained in Home above, and strongly Ra- tionalistic] (London, 1862-3,3 vols. 8vo) ; Davidson, /«- trod, to the X. T. [an excellent, though rather non-com- mittal work] (Lond. 1848-50,3 vols. 8vo; last edit. 1868 [more strongly inclining to Rationalism]) ; Scholten (decidedly R'ationalistie). Hist. Krit. Kinl.ins X. T. (Lpz. 1853, 1856) ; Bleek, Einhitnng in d. A. T. (Berlin, 1860 [moderately Rationalistic] ; translated into English, Lond. 1869, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Bleek, Einleit. in d. X. T. (Berl. 1862, 1865 ; translated into English, Edinburgh, 1870, 2 vols. 8vo) ; AVebcr, Kurzgef Einl. in d. Schrift. A. vnd X. T. (Nordl. 1867, 8vo). Less generally known are the following : Hancberg, Versuch e. Gesch. d. bibl. offenha- rung, als Einleitung ins A. und N. T. (Regensb. 1850) ; Prins, Handbook to de Kennis v. d. heil. Schriften d. 0. e. U. Verbonds (Rotterd. 1851-52, 2 vols.) ; Bauer (G. L.), Entw. e. hit. Einl. in d. Schrift. d. A.T. (Niirnb. 1794, 1801, 1806); Ackermann, hdroduct. in Libros Vet. Eoed. (Tien. 1825) ; Schmidt, Hist.-krit. Einleitung ins X. T. (Gicsscn, 1804, 2 vols.) ; Schneckenburger,jB«V?-. z. Einl. ins X. T. (Stuttg. 1832) ; Neudecker, Lehrbuch d. hist.- trit. Einleit. ins X. T. (Lpz. 1840) ; lUmar. Catholic: Tteithmajr, Einl. i. d. l-anoni'^r//. Iii<h. (l.V ^i ii.-l'. \y^>i). For other works, see Walch, Biblli tl.fcn 'I'lieulor. iii, ol sq. ; iv, 196 sq. ; Danz, Unirersal W'urterb. s. y. ISiljel; Darling, Cyclopeedia Bibliographica, i, 1 1 sq. ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. s. v. Einleitung; Lange's Commentary (American e<l.), i, 62 ; compare British and For. Evang. iieriVjf, October, 1861 ; Deutsche Zeitsch.f.chi-istl. Wis- sensch. April, 1861 ; Revue Chret. 1869, p. 745; Hauck, Theol. Jahresber. 1868, iv, 759. See Scriptukes, Holy.