Introibo (Ivillgo in), the word taken from the oth verse of the 42d Psalm (in the Yidgate), with which the Roman Catholic priest, at the foot of the altar, after having made the sign of the cross, begins the mass, and to which the servitor replies with the rest of the verse. The whole psalm is then recited alternately by the priest and the servitor. In masses for the dead, and during Passion-week, the psalm is not pronounced.
Introit ((/.) {Officium Sarum, haoioq, Eastern ; In- _<7rf«j)-f/,Ambrosian) is the name (from the Latin introire, to enter) of a psalm or hymn, but now properly the former, sung in some churches as the priest goes up to the altar to celebrate the Eucharist. " Introitum autcm vocamus antiphonam illam quam chorus cantat et sacerdos ut ascendit ad altare legit cum versu et gloria" (Martene, De Antiq. Monach. Hit. H, iv, 9). According to Symeon of Thessalonica, the introit typifies the nnion of men and angels. According to Freeman {Princ. of IHrine Service, i\,i\Q),i\ie true introit consists of the "Hymn of the only-begotten Son" in the East, and the Gloria in Excelsis in the further East and the whole AVcstem Church. Neale too remarks {Introd. to the East. Ch. p. 363) that the '• introits of the liturgies of St.lNIark, and St. James, and the Armenian consist of the hymn 'Only- begotten Son.' " But, besides the introit proper, there are general in the Western Church a psalm or hymn, with antiphon. varj-ing according to the season ; and in the liturgy of Chrj-sostom we find no less than three of these. Walcott (Sac. A ?Th(eol. p. o3i) says the introit is of two kinds: (1.) regular, that sung daily; (2.) the irregular, which is chanted on festivals. The latter he
INTRUSION
634
INVESTITURE
describes as having been of old of a grand and solemn cliaracter. " In a great church there was a i)rocession round the nave to the sound of bells, and with incense, passing out by the small gate of the sanctuary and re- eiitering by the great doois. The tleacon then went up with tl^e Gosperelevated in both his hands, and set it on the miilst of the altar, so as to be seen by the people. Then followed the introit, composed of several anthems, succeeded by prayers and the Trisagion. The priest and ileacon intoned it, the choir and people took it up, and a candlestick with three lights, as a symbol of the Holy Trinity, was lighted." The introit is believed to liave originated with pope Celestine (A.D. 422-432), c. 430 (corap. Bona, iii, 48). Before that time the mass had immediately succeeded the Epistles of Paul and the Gospel. " Its structure is that of an antiphon, I'oUowed generally by a whole psalm or a portion of a psalm (compare, however, Neale, Essays on Liturp;/, p. 138 sq.), and the Gloria Patri, and then by a repetition of the whole or part of the commencing antiphon. In the old Gregorian introit the antiphon was repeated three times, a custom found also in the Sarum rite ; this triple reci- tation being connected mj^stically with the three laws, viz., the Natural, the Mosaic, and the Evangelic." In the English Church the introit was introduced by Ed- ward VI, in his Prayer-book, before every collect, epistle, and gospel. It is a psalm containing something proper for the particular Sunday or holiday to which they were applied; but they were afterwards struck out, and the choice of the psalm was left to the clergyman. The in- troits of e.ieh Sunday and holiday are given by Wheat- ley iu his Ciinm'iii J'rai/cr, p. 2()o. See Blunt, T/i&>l. C;/- cliip. i, Soj sq. ; Eadie, Kecks. Diet. s. v. ; Augusti, [Inwl- hiich (/. ChrUtl. A rchdol. ii, 773 ; Siegel, Archdol. iii, 378. See alsfi ;Mass.
(';.) This word also designates the verses sung at the entering of the congregation into the church, a custom as old as the 4th century, called ingressa in the Ambro- sian Bitual. See Piilraer, Orvjines Lit. ii, 19.
Intrusion (hsit.intruilo,! thrust upon), the unlaw- ful a])i>ropri:ition or usurpation of a church benefice, i. e., if done witliout the co-operation of the person who, ac- cording to the canon, is entitled to the benefice. In the Church of Scotland, the General Assembly, in 173G, pass- ed " an act against intrusion of ministers into vacant congregations;" and the reason assigned is the principle of the Church of Scotland, " that no minister shall be in- truded into any church contrary to tlie will of the con- gregation . . . so as none l)c iiitnnkilmto such parishes, as tlicy ( tlie (ieneral As.scinl)ly ) regard the glory of God and cdilii:ation of the Ijody of Christ." See Hethering- t(.n, //ist. oflhe Ch. of Scotlmid, ii, 218, 302.
Intuition. See Illumination; Instinct; Spir-
rriAi.is.M.
Intuition ok (Iod. See God.
Invention of the Cross is the name of a festi- val in the Latin and (Jreek churches, celebrated May 8, in memory of the invention of the cross said to have l)ccu miraculously discovered at Jerusalem by Helena, the mother of the emperor Constantine the (Jreat, in 32(). The legend of it runs as follows : Helena, being ad- monished in a dream to search for the cross of Christ at Jerusalem, took a journey thither with that intent; and haviug emi.loyed laborers to dig at (iolgotl.a, after open- ing the ground very dcej) (for vast heaps of rubbish had l)urposely been thrown there by the Bpitefid .Jews or lieathens), she found three crosses, which she iircscnlly concluded were the crosses of our Saviour and the two thieves who were crucified with him. But, being at a loss to know which was tiie cross of Christ, she onlered them all three to be applied to a dead person. Two of them, the story says, had no cllect ; but the third raised tiie carcass to life, which was an evident sign to Helena that that was the cross she looked for. As soon as this was known, every one was for getting a piece of the CI OSS, insomuch that in Paidiuus's time (who, being a