2. A Korhite Levite, one of the door-keepers (A. V. "porters") of the house of Jehovah, seventh son of Obed-Edom (1 Chron. xxvi, 5). B.C. 1014.
Issendoi'p, Hendrik, belonged to the Evangelical Lutherans of Holland. He Avas called m 1723 to the charge of a Lutheran church at Purmerend. In 1737 bodily infirmities rendered a colleague necessarj'. In 1743 he resigned his charge. Though obliged to desist from his ministerial work, he rendered himself eminent- Ij' useful to his denomination by presenting to the Dutch a translation of some three or four lunulred German hymns. See Glasius, Godgeleerd Xedolaitih ii. lOG sq. ; also Geschiedenis van het godsdiensti;; Gtzawj bij de Lu- therschen in de Xedeiianden door. (J. P. W.)
Isserlein, Israel bex-Petachya, a Jewish Rabbi of great distinction among Jewish scholars in the 15th century, and one of the representatives of truly learn- ed German synagogal teachers, flourished about 1427- 1470. At first he was settled over a congregation at Marburg ; later he removed to Neustadt, near Vieima.
Isserlein was a very liberal-minded Jew, and did much by his influence to advance the standing of Jewish scholarship in his day. More particularly was his in- fluence felt in the theological schools of his Hebrew brethren all over German}-. From the most distant parts of Europe students flocked to the schools at Er- furt, Nuremburg, Regensburg, and Prague, where the Talmud was expounded in a most masterly manner (comp. Zunz, Zur Gesch. it. Lit. p. 1G7 sq.). According to Jost (Gesch. d. Jiidenthums it. s. Sekten, iii, 116), Isser- lein died obscurely in 1452, but this seems improbable, as Fiirst has evidence of Isserlcin's activity in 1457. His works are '^iin rr^npi ni'b, a collection of 354 opinions on the different fields of Rabbinism (Venice, 1519, 4to; Fiirth, 1778,4to):— D''3r=!l n"'pas, on the Halachoth (Venice, 1519, 4to, andVften; FUrth, 1778, 4to) :—nn'inn hv ^dSb Qi-i^Xa, or Expositions on Rashi's Commentary to the Pentateuch (Venice, 1519, 4to, and often) :— Xnsil "^yj^:} 'db Di"|!lX3, or Com- mentary on the Book Sha'are Dura of Isaac Duran (Ven- ice, 1548, 4to, and often) ; etc. See Griitz, GescJi. d. Ju- den, viii, 220 sq. ; ¥ mst. Biblioth. Jitd. ii, Ibi; Frankel, Israel Isserlein (Lib. d. Or. 1847), c. 675-678. (J. H. W.)
Isserles, Mose ben-Israel, a celebrated Polish Rablii, was bom at Cracow in 1520. The son of a very wealthy man, and a relative of the distinguished savan ]\Ioir Katzenellenbogen of Padua, he was afforded pe- culiar advantages for thorough culture. Of these he readily availed himself, and, in consequence, filled very prominent positions at quite an early age. He was dis- tinguished, however, rather for his early acquisitions and extended knowledge than any great natural abilities. He died in 1573. The writings of Isserles are very va- ried, covering the departments of theological, excgeti- cal, ecclesiastical, and even historical and philosophical literature. In all of these he was perfectly at home. Hismostimportant works are nbls'fl nj-'Fl 'o,onSac- rifces and other subjects of Jeidsh Antiquities (Prague, 1569):— ''I';;! '~i'^t)i2, or Commentary on the Book of Es- ther (Cremona, 1559, 4to; Amsterd. 1769, 8vo). For a list of all his works, see Fiirst, Biblioth. Jud. ii, 155 sq. See Fninkei, Mos.b.-Is7-aelffenannt Mose Isserles, in the Oriental. Literaturblutt (1847), c. 827-30; Griitz, 6'esc/i. (7. Juden, ix, 472 sq. (J. H. W.)
Isshi'ah {a, 1 Chron. xxiv, 21 ; b, 1 Chron. xxiv, 25). See Ishiah.
Issue, besides its ordinary sense of r/oinff forth (1i3, Chald. to fou; Dan. vii. 10 ; also riNSin, exit, i. e. source, Prov. iv, 23, frequently of the direction or termi- nus of a boundary; iKTrandiofiai, to go out. Rev. ix, 17, 18), and jrrogeny (^'^b'ir, Gen. xlviii, 6, elsewhere " Un- dred;" ri>"^S^,s/iOti?s, i.e. offspring, Isa.xxii, 24; (nrep- fia, seed, JIatt. xxii, 25), is the rendering employed by our translators for several terms expressive of a purulent or unhealthy discharge, especially from the sexual or- gans. The most emphatic of these is 1*.'!, from ^siT, to fon; both the verb and noun being frequently applied to diseased or unusual secretions, e. g. the monthly courses or catamenia of women, and the seminal flux or gonorrhaa benigria of men (Lev. xv ; Numb, v, 2). See Disease. A more intense and chronic form of this dis- charge was the " issue of blood," or uterine hfemorrhage of the woman in the Gospels [pvavQ a'lj.iaToc, Jlark v, 25 ; Luke viii, 43, 44 ; a'lftoppfw, Matt, ix, 20), which, as it made her ceremonially unclean, she was so anxious to conceal when she came in contact with the multitude and with Christ. (See monographs in Volbeding. Index, p. 49 ; Hase, Leben Jesv, p. 141.) The term m^-T, Ezek. xxiii, 20, signifies a pouring, and is applied to the emis- sio seminis of a stalUon, to which the idolatrous para- mours of Judfea are compared in the strong language of the prophet. See Adultery. The only other term so rendered is "lip*:, a fountain, appUed to the womb, or
ISSUS
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ITALIAN VERSIONS
pudenda midiebra, as the source of the menstrual dis- charge (Lev. xu, 7; XX, 18; comp. Trrjyr], Mark v, 29). See Flux.
" The texts Lev. xv, 2, 3 ; xxii, 4 ; Numb, v, 2 (and 2 Sam. iii, 29, where the malady is invoked as a curse), are probably to be interpreted of gonorrhoea. In Lev. XV, 3 a distinction is introduced, which merely means that the cessation of the actual flux does not constitute ceremonial cleanness, but that the patient must bide the leijal time, seven days (ver. 13), and perform the pre- scribed purifications "and sacrifice (ver. 1-1). See, how- ever, Surenhusius's preface to the treatise Zubini of the Jlishna, where another interpretation is given. As re- gards the specific varieties of this malady, it is general- ly asserted that its most severe form (r/on. virulentd) is liiodern, having first appeared in the 15th century. Chardin {Voyarjes en Perse, ii, 200) states that he ob- served tliat this disorder Avas prevalent in Persia, but that its effects were far less severe than in Western cli- mates. If this be true, it would go some way to ex- jilain the alleged absence of the gtm. virul. from ancient nosology, which found its field of observation in the liast, Greece, etc., and to confirm the supposition that the milder form only was the subject of Mosaic legisla- tion. But, beyond tliis, it is probable that diseases may appear, run their course, and disappear, and, for want of an accurate observation of their symptoms, leave no trace behind them. The ' bed,' ' seat,' etc. (Lev. xv, 5, C, etc.), are not to be supposed to have been regarded by that law as contagious, but the defilement extended to them merely to give greater prominence to the ceremo- nial strictness with which the case was ruled. In the woman's ' issue,' (v. 19), the ordinary menstruation seems alone intended, supposed to be prolonged (v. 25) to a mor- bid extent. The scriptural handling of the subject not dealing, as in the case of leprosy, in symptoms, it seems gratuitous to detail them here: those who desire such knowledge will find them in any compendium of thera- peutics. See Josephus, War, v, 5, C ; vi, 9, 3 ; Mishna, Chelim.\,Z,i; Maimon. ad Zabim,\\,2: whence we learn that persons thus affected might not ascend the Temple mount, nor share in any religious celebration, nor even enter Jerusalem. See also Michaelis, Laus of Moses, iv, 282" (Smith). See Uncleaxness.