JACOB
737
JACOB
269). He died about 338. As a writer, Jacob of Nisi- | third he returns to the East, and, beginning with the
bis hartlly gained distinction; his authorship is even questioned by many. A number of works are attributed to him, but under his name are preserved only an Ar- menian translation of a letter to the bishops of Seleucia and eighteen sermons, of which a copy was i>repared by direction of Assemani for th« Vatican {liibl. Or. i, 557 sq., 632). An edition, with a Latin translation and notes, was prepared and published by cardmal ^VntoneUi (1756, folio; Venice, 1765; Const. 1824). See, besides Schatf and Stanley, Neumann, Gesch. d. A rmen. Lit. p. 18 sq.; Biographie Universdle, art. Jacques de Nisibe; Herzog, Real-Encyklopddie, vi, 396. (J. H-AV^)
Jacob OF SarOg, a celebrated wn-iter and teacher of the S\-rian Church, was born at Curtanura, on the Euphrates, in 452. He was made a presbyter in 503, and attained the distinction of bishop in 519. lie was honored by the surname of " doctor" (S\t. Mal- pdnct), and by that of "the universal" (Syr. Tibdita). He was the author of an innumerable number of works. Thus no less than 763 homilies in verse are attributed to him (of which Barhebrreus had 182), besides exposi- tions, an anaphora, a form of baptism, hymns, and let- ters. But evidently many works are falsely attributed to him, as Assemani {Bibl. Orient, ii, 332) has proved. Many of his writings are preserved in the Vatican. He died at Sarug Nov. 29, 521. The Jacobites and IMaron- ites both commemorate him, and the former hold him, with many other orthodox teachers, m great reverence, although it cannot be proved that he in the least devi- ated from the orthodox course. He certainly reproached Nestorius. His expositions are still used in the Syrian chiu-ches at public worship, and have also been translated into Arabic. Several of his hymns are contamed in the Brev.ferile Syr. and in the Offic. Domiii. (Rome, 1787). A poetic eulogy -which he pronounced on Simeon the Sty- lite has been translated into German by Zingerle (in his Leben und Wirken des heil. Simeon Stylites, Innsbr. 1855, 8vo, p. 279-298). See Etheridge, Syr. Churches (Lond. 1846, 12mo), p. 241 sq. ; Herzog, Real-Encyklojicidie, vi, 397.
Jacob OF ViTRY (Jacobus de Vitriaco, or Jacobus Vitriacus), so named after his native place, was born in the second half of the 12th century. He was a pres- byter at the village of iVrgenteuil, near Paris, when, attracted by the celebrated sanctity of Jlaria of Og- nies, he removed to her place of residence, the diocese of Liege. She received him kindly, and influenced him to take a position in the diocese. At the request of the pope he began preaching against the Albigenses, and finally devoted himself to the interests of the sacred tomb at Jerusalem, travelling through France to levy contri- butions. While thus engaged he was elected bishop of Acre, and at the request of pope Honorius HI went to the Holy Land. He there performed a noble work: among other thmgs, he provided for the children of the Saracens whom the Christians had taken, baptized them, and intrusted them to the care of pious Christian women. After the retirement of the Christians from Damietta, he resigned in 1225 the episcopal office, and returned to Ognies. In 1229 pope Gregorj- IX appoint- ed him cardmal and papal legate of France, Brabant, and the Holy Land. He died at Eome JMay 1, 1240. The writings of Jacob de Vitry are valuable. He prof- ited greatly by his stay in the Holy Land, gathering much of the material necessary for the preparation of his principal work, the Historia Orientalis, generally en- titled History of Jerusalem, published entire as "Cura Andrere Hoji Brugensis" (1597) ; also by IMartene and Du- rand, Thesaur. nov. Anecdotorum, t. iii (Par. 1717). This work of Jacob de Vitry is di\-ided into three parts. The first contains the history (this as well as the others are mainly ecclesiastical) of Jerusalem in brief; the second, a short review of the historj' of the West, pajnng par- ticular attention to the history of the different Church orders, and the extent and value of pilgrimages ; in the
IV.— A A A
(ieneral Lateran Council, closes with the surrender of Damietta. This last part of the work does not seem to be the production of Jacob, but, in aU probability, was written by some other hand, to add to the completeness of the work. Ceillier, however, attributes the whole work to Jacob, and defends his view by stating, in com- mendation of part third, "L'auteur avait vu de ses yeiix ce qu'il raconte" (in accordance with the statement in the preface of the work, p. 1048). This work has been translated into French, and inserted in the Collection des memoires relatifs a I'liistoire de France, torn. xxii. His letters are also of great importance to the historian : Jacobi de Vitriaco epistola mlssa in Lotharinr/iam de capitione Damiatcn (published by Bongarsius in the first part of the Gesta Dei per Francos'), and Ejusdem einstolce quatuor ad Honorium III Papam (in Martenc and Du- rand's above-named work, and same volume) ; a life of the celebrated St. Mary of Ognies; and sermons on the Gospels and Epistles, of which a portion was published at Antwerp in 1575. See Ceillier, Hist, des A uteurs Sa- cres, xiii, 537 sq. ; Bibliotheca Belyica, i, 542 ; Herzog, Real-Encyklopadie, vi, 398. (J. H. W.)