boldlij the new and false dogma of the immaculate concep- tion. We should therefore fail in our duty if we kept silence any longer. . . . Our Church (the Jansenist sect) has often appealed to an oecumenical council to be law- fidly appointed. We renew this appeal. . . . We make our ajipeal at this time and place because of the viola- tion done to the faith, and the injury whicli the bish- ops have suffered, since they were not consulted when the doctrine of the immaculate conception of the blessed Virgin Mary, mother of our Saviour, was set up as of divine authority. May the Father of lights enlighten us, and work his will in us. We sign ourselves, with veneration, very holy father, the humble servants of your holiness." Then follow the signatiu-es of the me- tropolitan arclibisho]) and the two bishops. This letter, tlated Sept. 0, 185G, is accompanied by a pastoral exhor- tation addressed to the faithful. The Romish court replied by a formal anathema dated Dec. 4, of which the following is an extract : " The sacred congregation of the most eminent and most reverend cardinals of the holy Romish Church, inquisitors general throughout the Christian republic against heretical perversity, hav- ing heard the report of the committee acting in the name of our holy father, pope Pius IX, do now condemn the views published by the three false, schismatkxil bish- ops of the province of Utrecht. . . . The sacred congre- gation forbid all persons, of every state and condition, in any way, and under any pretext, to print the said document containing these views, to keep it in their house, or read it ; every one must instantly give it up to the bishops or to the inquisitors." The Janseuists are genuine Roman Catholics, but they refuse a servile obedience to Rome. They have also come to deny the infallibility of the pope altogether, and recognise him only as the " head of the bishops," placing the highest authority of the Church in a general council. They cir- culate the Scriptures, and insist on inward piety. They denominate themselves Roman Catholics of the episco- pal cleri/i/. They still number about 5000 souls, and are divided over twenty-five parishes in the dioceses of Utrecht and Haarlem. Their clergy are about thirty in number, with a seminary at Amersfoort, which was founded in 1726. The name of their present archbish- op is Van Santen, whom Rome has again and again vainly endeavored to induce, b}' the basest of means, to j sign the prescribed formulary (comp. Tregelles, Janseu- ists, p. 80 sq.). So far as they can be said to possess a theological system, it may be described as a compound of Jansenist and ultra-Gallican principles.
Other Wo?-ks of Jansenius. — Besides the work which gave rise to the schismatical movement in the Roman Catholic Church, he wrote also Oratio de interioiis hom- inis Refinndiioite (lfi27; translated into French by Ar- naald d'Auililly) : — Ali-.ri/iharmacum pro civibus Silcce J)uvensibi(s, adn r^'is iii/i/is/nirinn suomm fascinum, .live Respoiisio breris ml /i!ii//inii <<irnm provocatorium (Lou- vain, IGoO): — SiKDKjid iiiildrnm, quibus Ale.ripharma- cum aspcrsit Oi.thirtiis \'<iiiiis (Louvain, 1631, 8vo) : — Tetrxitenchiis, sire commiiitariits in quatuor A'ra>ir/elia (Louvain, 1639, 4to) : — Pentateuchus, sive comnuiitarius in quinque libros Mot/sis (Louvain, 1G41, 4to) : — Analec- ta in Proverbia, Ecclesiasteii, Sapientiam, Jfabacum et Sophoniam (Louvain, 1644, 4to) : — Mars Gallims, sen de jnstitia armnrum et fcederum regis Gallice, Libri II (1633). See Foppens, Bibl. Belgica; Bayle, Diet. Cri- tique; Dumas, llUt. des cinq Propositions; Leydecker, Historia .Tansenismi (Utrecht, 1695, 8vo); Frick, Ueber- setzung der Bnlla rnigenitus, etc. (Ulm, 1717, 4to); Ge- schiedenis ran de ('hristelijke Kerk in de 18''« eeuw, door A. Ijpeij, xii, 335-387 ; Harenberg. Geschichte der Jesu- iten ; Fontaine, Mem. p. servir a Vllistoire du Port-Roy- al (1738) ; Divers ecrits touchant la signature duformu- laire (1706) ; Hnlsemannus, De auriliis gratia; ; Nieuw- lands, Vermaaliijkheden nit de Kerkgeschiedenis ; La Constitution Unigenitus avec des Remarques (Utrecht) ; Walchii Bibl. Theolog. ; Henke's Kirchertgeschichte des 18'"' Jahrhunderts ; La Verite des Miracles, ojieres par
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rintercession de Mr. de Paris (1737, 1745; ^mtten by Montgerou) ; Reuchlin, Gesch. von rort-Royal (Hamb. 1839, 1844) ; Traite dorpnatique sur les miracles du temps (1737) ; Geschiedenis der Christelijke Kerk, door Profs. De Groot, Ter Haar, Kist, Moll, Nieuwenhuis, etc., vol. V (Amsterdam, 1859) ; Colonia, Did. des livres Janse- nistes, etc. ; Ste. Beuve, Port Royal, vol. i and ii ; Tre- gelles, ill Kitto's Journ. Sac. Lit. Jan. 1851, and since in separate and enlarged form. The Jamenists (London, 1851, 12mo); Mrs. Schimmelpenninck, Select Memoirs of Port-Royal; Declaration dis Eveques de Ilollande, etc. (Paris, 1827); Gerberon, Hist, de Jansenism; Voltaire, Siecle de Louis XIV, ii, 264; Rapin (.Jesuit), Histoire de Jansenisme, edit, by Domenech (Paris, 1861, 8vo) ; Am. Bib. Rep. 3d ser. iii, 689 sq. ; A m. Theol. Rev. 1860, Aug. vol. ii. Sec Jesuits; Port-Royal.
Jansen, Ellert, an Anabaptist martjT, suffered during the persecutions of the Anabaptists near the mid- dle of the 16th century in the Low Countries, then un- der the government of Charles V. In the year 1549 he was imprisoned at Amsterdam, with nineteen other An- abaptists. He was a tailor by trade, but his mental ca- pacity and force of character designated him as a man well qualified even for one of the learned professions. While his other friends escaped from prison, he remained behind, determined to profess openly his peculiar Chris- tian views, or die in defence of them. March 20, 1549, he finally suffered the so much coveted martyrdom by burning. See Brown, Baptist Mart. p. 07.