See, besides the literature above referred to, Hilliger, De Libro Recti (Lips. 1714); Nolte, De Libra Justorum (Helmst. 1719) ; Wolf, De Libro Rectorum (Lips. 1742) ; Steger, De vocabulo 'niT^ (Kiel, 1808) ; Anon. Jasher re- ferred to in Josh, and Sam. (London, 1842) ; Hopkins, Plumbline Papers (Auburn, 1862, eh. vii) ; and the peri- odicals cited by Poole, Index, s. v. Compare Joshua.
Jasho'beam (Heb. Yashobam', Dr'3':3'^, dweller among I Ik- pcapj,-, or i-eturner to the ])eopie, otherwise, to whnui t\w pi'ople returns, OT a. returning peoj^le ; Sept, in 1 Cljron. xi, 11, 'I((iadfj. v.r. 'liffafiac^d ; in 1 Chron. xii, 6, 'lifffiadp v. r. ^ofSoKiip ; in 1 Chron. xxvii, 2, 'Irrj-'iodp, V. T. 'laftouZ; Vulg. Jesbaam, but Jeshoam in 1 Chron. xxvii, 2), the name of several of David's fa- vorite officers.
1. One of the Korhites, or Levite of the family of Korah (and therefore probably not identical with the foUowing), who joined David's band at Ziklag (1 Chron. xii, 6). B.C. 1053.
2. " Son" of Hachmoni, one of David's worthies, and the first named in the two lists which are given of them (2 Sam. xxiii, 8; 1 Chron. xi, 11). One of these texts is held to have suffered through the negligence of copy- ists, and, as Jashobeam is not otherwise historically known, commentators have been much embarrassed in comparing them. The former passage attributes to him the defeat of 800, the latter of 300 Philistines; and the question has been whether there is a mistake of figures in one of these accounts, or whether two different ex- ploits are recorded. Further difficulties will appear in com])ari-ng the two texts. We have assumed Jashobe- am to be intended in both, but this is open to question. In Chronicles we read, "Jashobeam, the Hachmonite, chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against 300
men, slain by him at one time;" but in Samuel [mar- gin], "Josheb-bassebet the Tachmonite, chief among the three, Adino, of Ezni, who lifted np his spear against 800 men, whom he slew." That Jashobeam the Hach- monite and Josheb-bash-shebeth the Tachmonite are the same person, is clear ; but may not Adino of Ezni, whose name forms the immediate antecedent of the exploit, which, as related here, constitutes the sole discrepancy between the two texts, be another person? Many so explain it, and thus obtain a solution of the difficulty. But a further comparison of the two verses -will again suggest that the whole of the verse last cited must be- long to Jashobeam ; for not only is the parallel incom- plete if we take the last clause from him and assign it to another, but in doing this we leave the " chief among the captains" without an exploit, in a list which records some feat of every hero. We incline, therefore, to the opinion of those who suppose that Jashobeam, or Jo- sheb-bash-shebeth, was the name or title of the chief, Adino and Eznite being descriptive epithets, and Hach- monite the patronymic of the same person ; and the remaining discrepancy we account for, not on the sup- position of different exploits, but of one of those corrup- tions of numbers of which several wiU be found in com- paring the books of Chronicles with those of Samuel and Kings. B.C. 1014. See Adino; David; Eznite.
The exploit of breaking through the host of the Phi- listines to procure David a draught of water from the well of Bethlehem is ascribed to the three chief heroes, and therefore to Jashobeam, who was the first of the three (2 Sam. xxiii, 13-17; 1 Chron, xi, 15-19). B.C. 1045,
3. We also find a Jashobeam who commanded 24,000, and did duty in David's court in the month Nisan (1 Chron. xxvii, 2). He was the son of Zabdiel ; if, there- fore, he was the same as the foregoing Jashobeam, his patronymic of "the Hachmonite" must be referred to his race or office rather than to his immediate father. See Haciijioni,
Ja'shub [or Jash/ub'\ (Heb. Yashub', "y^'d"^, re- turner; once by error, 3id^, Yashib', in text 1 Chron. vii, 1; Samar. Pent, in Numb. Yosheh', 3'JI"^; Sept. 'laaovji), the name of two men, or, perhaps, the last is rather a place. See also Sheak-.iashub,
1. The third named of the four sons of Issachar (1 Chron, vii, 1 ; Numb, xxvi, 24) : called Job (perhaps by contraction or corruption [or possibly only by substitu- tion, both having the same meaning, one from 2TJ, and the other from S^X]) in the paraUel passage (Oeh. xlvi, 13). B.C. 1856. His descendants were called Jashubites (Hebrew Yashubi', '^y'^'^, Sept. 'luGoujii, Numb, xxvi, 24),
2. One of the "sons" (? former residents) of Bani, who divorced his Gentile wife after the Exile (Ezra^x. 29). B.C. 459.
Jash'ubi-le'hem (Heb. Yashu'U-Lo'chem, "'n'r;^ '^r?? ["i'^ pause" LaV/(eTO, DJ13], returning home from battle or ioxfood; Sept. cnrkaTpiipiv avrovQ v. r. riTrs- (TTptxpav elg Aisp ; Vulg. reversi sunt in Laheni), ajipar- ently a person named as a descendant of Shelah, the son of Judah (1 Chron. iv, 22). B.C. perhaps cir. 995, since it added at the end of the list, "And these are ancient things. These were the potters, and those that dwelt among plants and hedges; there they dwelt with the king ['? Solomon ; but, according to some, Pharaoh, dur- ing the residence in Egj^jtJ for his work." Possibly, however, " it is a place, and we should infer from its connection with Maresha and Chozeba— if Chozeba be Chezib or Achzib — that it lay on the western side of the tribe, in or near the Shephelah or ' plain,' The Jewish explanations, as seen in Jerome's Qumst. Ilebr. on this passage, and, in a slightly different form, in the Targum on the Chronicles (ed. Wilkins, p. 29, 30), mention of JMoab as the key to the whole. Chozeba is Elimelech ; Joash and Saraph are JIahlon and Chibon, who ' had