who followed Christ, and ministered to the wants of him and his discii)les out of their abundance. They had all been cured of grievous diseases by the Saviour, or had received material benefits from him ; and the customs of the country allowed them to testify in this way their gratitude and devotedness without reproach. It is usu- ally supposed that Joanna was at this time a widow. She was one of the females to whom Christ appeared after A.D. 27-29.— Kitto.
be burned to death. Recanting her alleged errors, her punishment was commuted into perpetual imprison- ment. But the English feared her, and determined at all liazanls to sacrifice her life, and they finally succeed- ed in renewing the trial; worils which fell from her when subjected to great indignities, and her resumption
of male attire when all articles of female dress were j his resurrection (Luke xxiv, 10). ^ carefully removed from her, were made grounds of con- I Joan'nan (lioavvav v. r. 'lioavvr}c), the eldest eluding" that she had relapsed, and she was brought to i brother of Judas Maccabeus (1 jNIacc. ii, 2) ; elsewhere the stake May 30, 1431, and burned, and her ashes cast [ called John (q. v.). into the Seine. Her family, who had been ennobled | Joannes. See John.
on her account, obtained in 1440 a revisal of her trial, | jo'arib ('Iwaor'/3 v. r. 'Iwapeifi), a Grsecized form and in 1456 she was formally pronounced by the high- | .^ -^^^^^^ -^ ^^ ^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^ ^f ^^^ p^^gg^ Jehoiarib (1 est ecclesiastical authorities to have been innocent. The qjjj.q,^_ xxiv 7).
doubts respecting the fate of Joan d'Arc raised by M. ] ' ' ' ' ',..,,,, „ ,
Delapierre in his Doute hUtorique (1855), who i^ in- | Jo'^sh (Heb. 1 oash the name of several persons, clinell to think that she never suffered martyrdom, and i ^'""en in two forms in the original that another person was executed in her stead, seem to 1- CC^^'', a contracted form of Jehoash ; Septuag. have no good ground.— Chambers, Cyclop, s. v. | 'ItDag.) The father of Gideon, buried in Ophrah, where
Joan OF Kent is the name of a female character ! he had lived (Judg. vi, IL 29; vii, 14; viii, 13,29, 32). who nourished in the first half of the 16th century, and I Although himself probably an idolater, he mgemously who was condemned to death as a heretic, April 25, 1552, ! screened his son from the popular indignation in over- for holding the doctrine that '^ Christ was not tridy in- ! throwing the altar ol Baal (Judg. vi, 30, 31). B.C. 1362. carnate of the Virgin, whose flesh, being sinful, he could ! ^^e Gideon. ^ ^ . . x
not i.artake of; but the Word, by the consent of the ! 2. (Same form as preceding ; Sept. Jmpucx.r. I^ciq.) inward man in the Virgin, took" flesh of her." This j A son of Shemaah or Hasmaah the Gibeathite, and sec- scholastic nicety appaUed aU the grandees of the Eng- ! onc^ only to his brother Ahiezer among the brave Ben- lish Church, inclucUng even Cranraer, who, finding the ! jamite archers that joined David at Ziklag (1 Chroa. king slow to approve the condemnation of .Joan of Kent, j ^ii> 3). B.C. lOoo.
presented to the sovereign the practice of the Jewish 3. (Same form as preceding ; Sept.'IwacO One of the Church in stoning blasphemers as a counterpart of the descendants of Shelah, son of Judah, mentioned among duty of the head of the English Church, and secured I *ose who were in some way distinguished among the theking's approval for the execution of the poor woman, I Moabites in eariy times (1 Chron. iv, 22). B.C. perh. who " could not reconcile the spotless purity of Christ's j cir. 995. See Jasiiubi-lehem. " The Hebrew tradi- human nature with his receiving flesh from a sinful j tio") quoted by Jerome (Quo'st. Hehr. in Pared.) and creature." See Neal, Puritans, i, 49 ; Strype, Memorials \ Jarchi {Cornm. ad loc), applies it to Mahlon, the son of of the Reformation, \\, i].\. ' j Elimelech, who married a Moabitess. The expression
Joa'nan (Itnavav v. r. 'liDvav), a Grsecized form I rendered in the A.V., 'who had the dominion (^-""a) (I VMt. ix, 1) of the name of Joiianan (q. v.), the son in Moab,' would, according to this interpretation, signify of ICIiashil) (Ezra x, 6). • who married in INIoab.' The same explanation is giv-
Joanes (or J canes), Vicente, a celebrated Span- ish |i:iiiitir whose subjects are exclusively religious, was born at ruente la Higuera, in Valencia, in 1523. He studied in Italy, and, as we may infer from his style, cliierty the works of the Roman school, and died Dec. 21, 1579, while engaged in finishing the altar-piece of the cJiurch of Bocairente. His body was removed to Valencia, and deposited in the churcii of Santa Cruz in 1581. Joanes was one of the best of the Spanish paint- ers : he is acknowledged as the head of the school of Valencia, and is sometimes termed the Spanish Raffa- cUe. His drawing is correct, and displays manv suc- cessfid examples of foreshortening; his "draperi"es are well cast, his coloring is sombre (he was particulariy fond of mulberry color), and his expression is mostly in perfect accordance with his subject, which is generally devotion or impassioned resignation, as in the " Baptism of Christ" in the cathedral of Valencia. Like his coun- trymen Vargas and D'Amato of Naples, he is said to have always taken the sacrament before he commenced an altar-juece. His best works arc in the cathedral of A nlencia, and there arc several good specimens in the 1 rado at M&AnA.—Emjlish Cijclopwdia, s. v.