Joan'na, the name of a man (jirop. Joannas) and also ol a woman in the New Testament.
1. (Uoayvcus, probably i. q 'iwdvvrjr, John.) The
_ _ tplanation
en in the Targum of R. Joseph" (Smith).
4. (Same form as preceding ; Sept. 'IwaeO An emi- nent officer of king Ahab, to whose close custody the prophet Micaiah was remanded for denouncing the al- lied expedition against Ramoth-Gilead (1 King-s xxii, 26 ; 2 Chron. xviii, 25). B.C. 896. He is styled " the king's son," which is usually taken literally. Then! us (Comment, ad loc, in Kings) suggesting that he may have been placed with the governor of the city for mili- tary education. Geiger conjectures that Maaseiah, " the king's son," in 2 Chron. xxviii, 7, was a prince of the Mo- loch worship, and that Joash was a priest of the same ( Urschrift, p. 307). The title, however, may merely in- dicate a youth of princely stock.
5. (Same form as preceding: Sept. 'lojoc-) King of Judah (2 Kings xi, 2; xii, 19, 20: xiii, 1, 10; xiv, 1,3, 17,23; 1 Chron. iii, 11; 2 Chron. xxii, 11; xxiv,l ['i'X'^], 2, 4, 22, 24 ; xxv, 23, 25). See Jehoash, 1.
6. (Same form as preceding ; Sept. 'IwocO King of Israel (2 Kings xiii, 9, 12, 13, 14, 25; xiv, 1, 23, 27; 2 Chron. xxv, 17, 18, 21, 23 ; Hos. i, 1 ; Amos i. 1). See Jehoash, 2.
7. (d?i'^, to whom .Tehovah hastens, i.e. for aid; Sept. 'Iwdc.) One of the " sons" of Becher, son of Benjamin, a chieftain of his family (1 Chron. vii. 8). B.C. prob. cir. 1017.
JOATHAM
925
JOB
8. (Same form as last ; Septuag. 'Iwrif-) The person having charge of the royal stores of oil under David and Solomon (1 Chron. xxvii, 28). B.C. 1014.
Jo'atham (JNIatt. i, 19). See Jotham.
Joazab'dus {'houZaj5c!oQ v. r. 'Iw^aftSog), a GriE- cizcd furm (1 Esdr. ix, 48) of the name of Jozab.vu (q. v.), the Levite (Neh. viii, 7).
Joazar ('Iwasnoof, 'ho'Ccpog, i. e. Joezei-), a son of Boethus. and brother-in-law of the high-priest INIatthias (q. v.), whom he succeeded in the pontifical office by the arbitrary' act of Herod the Great on the day preceding an eclipse of the moon (Josephus, A nt. xvii, 6, 4), which occurred ]\Iarch 13, B.C. 4. He was deprived of the of- iicc by Cyrenius (although he had aided that officer in enforcing the tax, ib. xviii, 1, 1) in the 37th year after the battle of Actium (ib. xviii, 2, 1), i. e. A.D. 7-8. It appears, however, that he had been temporarily removed (A.D. 4) by Archelaus during the short term of his brother Eleazar, and then of Jesus, the son of Sie (ib. xvii, 13, 1), and restored by popidar acclamation (ib. xviii, 2, 1). See High-peiest.
Job, the name of two persons, of different form in the original.
1. (ni^S, lyob', persecuted; Sept. and N. T. 'Iw/3.) An Arabian patriarch and hero of the book that bears his name; mentioned elsewhere onlj^ in Ezek. xiv, 14, 20; Jas. V, 11. The various questions connected with his history are involved in the discussion of the poem itself. In the following statements we largely avail ourselves of the articles in Smith's Dictionary of the Bible and Kitto's Ci/clopcedia.
I. Aii(di/sis nf Ccmtoits. — 1. The Introduction (i, 1-ii, 10) supi)lies ali the facts on which the argument is based. Job, a chieftain in the land of Uz (apparently a district of Northern Arabia — see Uz), of immense wealth and high rank, is represented to us as a man of perfect integrity, and blameless in aU the relations of life. The highest goodness and the most perfect tem- poral happiness are combined in his person ; mider the protection of God, surrounded by a numerous family, he enjoys in advanced life (from xlii, 16 it has been infer- red that he was about seventy years old at this time), an almost paradisiacal state, exemplifying the normal results of human obedience to the will of a righteous God.
One question, however, could be raised by envy : May not the goodness which secures such direct and tangible rewards be a refined form of selfishness ? In the world of spirits, where all the mysteries of existence are brought to light, Satan, the accusing angel, suggests this doubt, and boldly asserts that if those external blessings were withdra^vn Job would cast off his alle- giance. The iiuestion tlius distinctly propounded is ob- viously of infinite importance, and could only be an- swered by inflicting upon a man, in whom, while pros- perous, malice itself could detect no evil, the calamities which are the due, and were then believed to be inva- riably the results, even in this life, of wickedness. The accuser receives permission to make the trial. He de- stroj's Job's property, then his children ; and afterwards, to leave no possible opening for a cavil, is allowed to inflict upon him the most terrible disease known in the East. See Job's Disease. Each of these calamities assumes a form which produces an impression that it must be a visitation from God, precisely such as was to be expected, supposing that the patriarch had been a suc- cessfid hypocrite, reserved for the day of wrath. Job's wife breaks down entirely under the trial— in the very words which Satan had anticipated that the patriarch himself would at last utter in his despair, she counsels him " to curse God and die." (The Sept. has a remark- able addition to her speech at ii, 9, severely reproaching him as the cause of her bereavements.) Job remains steadfast. The destruction of his property draws not from him a word of complaint ; the death of his children elicits the sublimest words of resignation which ever