JOB'S DISEASE. The opinion that the malady
under which Job suffered was elephantiasis, or black
leprosy, is so ancient that it is found, according to Or-
I igen's Hexapla, in the rendering which one of the Greek
JOB
938
versions has made of ii, 7. It was also entertained by Abulfeda (//is/. AnleLil. p. iCy), and, in modem times, by the best scholars generally. The passages which are considered to indicate this disease are found in the de- scription of his skin burning from head to foot, so that he took a potsherd to scrape himself (ii,7,8); in its be- ing covered ;vith putrefaction and crusts of earth, and beTn" at one time stiff and hard, while at another it cracked and discharged fluid (vii, 5) ; in the offensive breath, which drove away the kindness of attendants (xix, 17); in the restless nights, which were either sleepless or scared with frightful dreams (vii, 13, 14 ; XXX, 17) ; in general emaciation (xvi, 8) ; and in so in- tense a loathing of the burden of life tliat strangling and death were preferable to it (vii, 15). In this picture of Job's sufferings the state of the sldn is not so ilistinctly described as to enable us to identify the disease with elephantiasis in a rigorous sense. The difficulty is also increased by the fact that "pfl'^J (sheckin', a sore, Sept. fX/cof) is generally rendered " boils." But that word, according to its radical sense, only means hurnhif), in- flammation— a hot sense of pain, which, although it at- tends boils and abscesses, is common to other cutaneous irritations. Moreover, the fact that Job scraped him- self with a potsherd is irreconcilable with the notion that his body was covered with boils or open sores, but agrees very well with the thickened state of the skin which characterizes the disease. — Kitto. See Leprosy.
JOCHANAN
Bath and Wells. See Joh^
2. (31^, Foft; if genuine, perh.reiMmJ«^, from 31"' = aiX; Sept.Ia(7oy/3,Vulg.Jo6.) The third-named of the four sons of Issachar (Gen. xlvi, 13), elsewhere called Jasiicb (NTumb. xxvi, 24; 1 Chron. vii, 1), for which this is probably an erroneous transcrii)tiou.
Job OF RcsTOFF, first patriarch of the Eusso-Greek Churcli, flourished in the second half of the 16th century. We liave already had occasion to refer to the circum- stances under wliich Russia succeeded in establishing an independent patria- 'hate in her dominions in the bio- graphical sketch of the Greek patriarch Jeremiah (q. v.). This important event took place in 158i), and was sol- emidy confirmed by the Constantinopolitan patriarch in a synod of tlie Greek Church held in 1 5!)2. The act was also confirmed in 1C19 by Theophil, the patriarch of Je- rusalem. By the other Oriental patriarchs Job was rec- ognised as the fifth patriarch of the orthodox Church. Of his personal history we are ignorant. See Aschbach, Kirchi'ii-Lvx. iii, 291 ; Stanley, East. Church, p. 435, 436 ; Strahl, Rnsx-Kirchemjesch. i, 619. See Gkeek Church, voL iii, p. 9X1, col. 2.
Jo'bab (Ileb. Yobah', 22r, probably dweller in the de.vn, from the Arabic; Sept. 'Iw/?a/3, but in 1 Chron. i, 23, t'ov EIn Kai t'ov 'Qpcin, v. r. simply 'Iaja/3), the name of several men.
1. The last-named of the sons of Joktan, and founder of a tribe in Arabia (Gen. x, 29 ; 1 Chron. i, 23), B.C. post 2414. Bocliart compares {Phale;;, ii, 29) the Joharitm ( Iw.iaplrat) of Ptolemy (vi,7, 24), a people on the east- ern coast of Araljia, near the Socalit:c, which, after Sal- masnis, lie sujjposes to be for Jobnhilm ; so also Micha- chs {Si)lrU,-f/.n,m3; ."^upplem. I0i3).
2 Son of Zerah of B.«rah, king of Edom after IMa and before Ilusham ((ien. xxxvi, 33, 34; 1 Chron. i, 44, 45), B L. prob. long ante 1617. The supposition that he was .(lenn.,-al with tlip patriarch Job rests only upon the apocrj-phal addition to the book of Job in the Sept., and IS utterly unworlliy of credit. See Job.
3 TI.eCanaanitish kingofMadon, one of those whose i Jochanan Ik-n-/
aid .Jabui invoked in the i J «-nai,an i.ui /„
(Josh, xi, 1), B.C. 1017
Joceline, bishop (k'inf/ of Emjluied).
Joceline of Salisbury, a prelate of the early Eng- hsh Church, flourished from 1142 to 1184. In the con- troversy of Thomas a Becket with King Henry II on investitures, he played no unimportant part, for he sided ■vvith the king in this great ecclesiastical war, and thus fell under the displeasure of the archbishop. See Is- vestituke. The latter, in accordance with his indom- itable spirit, soon found a pretext to impress his in- ferior with his power at Rome by condemnmg Joce- line for liis assent to the royal election or appoint- ment of John of Oxford to the deanery of Salisbury, notwithstanding the archbishop's prohibition. Joceline adhering to his former course, Becket pronomiced ex- communication against the rebellious prelate, and this act was approved shortly after by pope Alexander III (1166). Of course the bishop remained in his place, but he encountered many difficulties from the subordination of inferior ecclesiastics, as in the case of the monks of Malmesbury about 1 180 (comp. Inett, Hist. Engl. Ch. ii, ch. XV, § 19). See England, Church of.
Joch, JoHANN Georg, a German theologian, born at Rotenburg, in Franconia, in 1685, became professor (jf theology at Wittenberg, and died in 1731. To him be- longs the credit of having been the first to assert the su- periority of practical Christianity over the then prevail- ing pietism, in the principal stronghold of Lutheran the- ology, the cathedra Lutheri of Wittenberg. While yet at Jena, the centre of pietism in the beginnuig of the 18th century, he was, both as a student and as private tutor, one of the disciples of Spener, and an ardent pie- tist ; but when he became superintendent of the gymna- sium of Dortmund, where dogmatics and polemics alone filled the churches and the halls of learning, Joch turned his attention to the subjects of conversion and second birth. He was of course involved in a controversy, but he seems to have been quite successful, for in 1726 lie" was made a professor of theology at Wittenberg. — Her- zog, Real-Encijldop. s. v. See Augusti, Der Pietismus in Jena, etc. (Jena, 1837) ; Gobel, Gesch. d. Christl. Lebens in d. rh.-ivestph. ev. Kirche.