Joga. See Hinduism; Visiixu.
Jog'behah (Heb. Yogbah', rT35"', only with n par- agogic, tliiaS^, lofty ; Sept. 'liytlSad, but v^pwaav av- rac in Numb. ; Vulg. Jegbaa). a place mentioned (be- tween Jazer and Beth-nimrah) among the "fenced cities and folds for sheep" rebuilt by the Gadites (Numb, xxxii.
35). It lay on the route of Gideon when pursuing the nomadic Midianites, near Nobah, beyond Penuel, in the direction of Karkor (Judg. viii, 11). These notices cor- respond sufficiently with the locality of the ruined vil- lage YA-Jeheiha (Robinson's Beseu7-ches, iii. Append, p. 168), laid down on Robinson's and Zimmerman's maps on the edge of the desert east of Jebel el-Fukeis.
Jogee. See Yogee.
Jog'li (Heb. Yogli', '^hi,'^, exiled; Sept. 'IjkXi'), the father of Bukki, which latter was the Danite commis- sioner for partitioning the land of Canaan (Numb.xxxiv, 22). B.C. ante 1G18.
Jogues, or Yugs, is a name among the Hindus for periods of extraordinary length spoken of in their myth- ological chronology.
Jo'ha (Heb. I'oc^o', Nn'i"^, probably contracted for n^ni", whom Jehovah revives), the name of two men.
1. (Sept. 'Jwa^oE v.r. 'Iw^af.) A person mentioned as a Tizite, along with his brother Jediael, the son of Shimri, among David's famous body-guard (1 Chron. xi, 45). B.C. 1046.
2. (Sept.'Iojrt^^a v.r.'Ioj^o.) The last-named among the Benjamite cliiefs, descendants of Beriah, resident at Jerusalem (1 Chron. viii, 16). B.C. apparently 588 or 536.
Joha'nan (Heb. Yochanan', 'Jiri'i'i, a contracted form of the name Jeiiohanan; comp. also John), the name of several men. See also Jehohanan, 3, 4, 6.
1. (Sept. 'iwvc'tv V. r. 'Iwavdv.') ■ The eighth of the Gadite braves who joined David's band in the fastness of the desert of Judah (1 Chron. xii, 12). B.C. cir. 1061.
2. (Sept. 'lioavdv.) One apparently of the Benja- mite slingers and archers who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chron. xii, 4). B.C. 1055.
3. (Sept. 'Itoavdg v. r. 'Iwavdv, 'lujvdg.) Son of Azariah and father of Azariah, high-priests (1 Chron. vi, 9, 10, where perhajis an erroneous repetition of names has occurred). He is thought by some to have been the same with Jehoiada (2 Chron. xxiv, 15). Jose- phus, however (Ant. x, 8, 6), seems to call him Joram, and the Seder Olam Jehoahaz, whom it places in the reign of Jehoshaphat. See High-priest.
4. (Sept. 'Iwavdv.') The oldest son of king Josiah (1 Chron. iii, 15). He must have been born in the fif- teenth year of his father's age, and he seems to have been of so feeble a constitution as not to have survived his father. B.C. cir. 635-610. See Jehoahaz, 2.
5. (Sept. 'loivd, in Jer. 'Iwdvav and 'iwdvvav ; Jo- sephus Graecizes the name as John, 'lwdvvi]c, Ant.n, 9, 2). The son of Careah (Kareah), and one of the Jewish chiefs who rallied around Gedaliah on his appointment as governor by the Chaldfeans (2 Kings xxv, 23; Jer. xl, 8). It was he that warned GedaUah of the nefa- rious plans of Ishmael, and offered to destroy him in anticipation, but the imsuspecting governor refused to listen to his prudent advice (Jer. xl, 13, 16). After Gedaliah's assassination, Johanan pursued the murderer, and rescued the people taken away by him as captives to the Ammonites (Jer. xii, 8, 13, 15, 16). He then ap- plied to Jeremiah for counsel as to what course the rem- nant of the people should pursue, being apprehensive of severe treatment at the hands of the Chaldioan authori- ties, as having interfered with the government (Jer. xlii, 1, 8) ; but, on hearing the divine injunction to remain in the land, he and his associates violated their promise of obedience, and persisted in retiring, with all their families and effects (carrj'ing with them the prophet himself), to Tahpanes, in Egj'pt (Jer. xliii, 2, 4, 5), where, doubtless, they experienced the threatened punishment on the conquest of that country likewise by the Chal- da?an arms. B.C. 587.
6. (Sept. 'iwdvav.) Son of Katan (Hakkatan), of the " sons" of Azgad, who returned with 110 males from Babylon with Ezra (Ezra viii, 12). B.C. 459.
7. (Sept. 'Iwavdv.) A chief priest, son (? grandson) of Eliashib, named as last of those whose contemnoraries
JOHANNES
942
JOHN
the Levites were recorded in " the book of the Chroni- cles" (Neh. xii, 22, 23). He appears to be the same caUed Jeho.ianan (m the text, but " Johanau" in the Auth.Vers.) in Ezra x, 6; also Jonathan, the son of Joiada and father of Jaddua, in Neh. xu, 11 ; comp. 22. B.C. prob. 459.
8 (Sept. 'Iwavcin.) The fifth named of the seven sons" of IClioenai, of the descendants of Zerubbabel (1 Chrun. iii, 24). He is apparently the same with the Naiil-.m mentioned among the ancestrj' of Christ (Luke iii, 25. See Strong's Harm, and Expos, of ike Gosp. p. 16, 17). B.C. somewhat post 406. See Genealogy of CiiKisr.
Johan'nes ('Iwaw/jc, the Greek form of the name John or Jehohanan) occurs in this form in the A. V. of two men in the Apocrypha.
1. A son of Acatan (1 Esdr. viii, 38) ; the Johan.vn of Ezra viii, 12.
2. A " son" of Bebai (1 Esdr. ix, 29) ; the Jehohan.v^n of Ezra x, 28.
Johannites. See Knights of Malta.
Johlsohn, J. .Joseph, a Jewish scholar of some re- nown, was born in Fulda in 1777. Being the son of a rabbi, he was instructed from his early youth in the language and literature of the Old Testament, in which he became a great adept. When quite young, he left his native place and went to Frankfort-on-the- 3Iain, where he engaged in private tuition, pursuing himself, at the same time, an extended course of study in languages and metaphysics. Later he removed to Kreuznach, and became professor of Hebrew, etc., in a pubUc academy, but was called back in 1813 by the government to the professorial chair of Hebrew and re- ligion in the Jewish academy at Frankfort, known as the '• I'hilantropin." Johlsohn's activity in this once- renowned capital of the German empire fell in a time marked in Jewish annals as a period of agitation. The reform movement [see Judaism], which shortly after developed more fully, was just budding, and he, partak- ing more or less of that spirit, earnestly labored for the introduction of sermons in the vernacular, hours of de- votion on the Christian Sabbath, etc. To further en- courage this awakening of a religious spirit, especially in the young, he published ( I ) a liynm-book entitled Gesannhuch fur Israeliten (Frkf. l.su;, anil often, 8vo) :— also (2) a valuable work on t/icfiiinlawoitals oftheJew- iih relif/ion, entitled niH I'ma, with an Appendix de- scribing the manners and customs of the Hebrews (Frkf. 2ded. 1819) :_(3) A Chronolofjical History of the Bible, in Heb., with the moral sayings of the Scriptures, seven Psalms with Kimchi's Commentary, a Hebrew Chresto- mathy with notes, and a gl(is>arv called r-2X mbin (1820; 2d ed. 18.37) :-(4) Tin l'.„,„i,„rh ln,.,<l„tr,J into (!trinun,with A miotalions {\s:\l > -. - -ij,) Tin sncml .Scrip- tiiris of the Jeu-s, translated into German, icith Annota- tioia (of which only 2 vols, were ever published), vol. ii containing Joshua, Samuel, and Kings (183G):— (6) A Hebrew Grammar for Schools, entitled '{^"db'n I^ID"! forming a second part to the new cd. of the Ckrestoma- thy (1«38) :_(7) A Hebrew Lexicon, giving also the synonymes, With an appendix containing an explanation of the abbreviations used in the Rabbinical writings, en- titled 0^313 -jns (1840):- (8) A historical and dog- matir Treatise on Circumcision (1843). Johlsohn died in I'raukfort June 13, 1851. See Stem, Gesch. des .Tnden- thums, p. \H\. 9(1.; Allfjem. Zeiluvr, des Jndenth. 1851 n 3..(.; Kayserling (Dr. M.), Biblioth. j.id. Knnzelre,h{er iX^i'xXm, 1S<0), p. .382; Stein, Israelit. Volkslehrer, i, 140 811. ; 1' lirst, Hihl. Jud. ii, 99 sq. ; Kitto, s. v. (J. H. W.)