Joy (usually some form of b'^5, which prop, means to spin, round with pleasurable emotion, and is thus a stronger term than n^sir, which expresses fjladness ; but less so than yhv, to exult or leap with exuberant joy , Gr. prop. x«P")! a deUght of the mind ai-ising from the consideration of a present or assiured approaching pos- session of a futiure good (Ezra vi, 16 ; Esth. viii, 16). 1. Natural joy is of various degrees : when it is moder- ate, it is called gladness ; when raised on a sudden to the highest degree, it is then exultation or transport ; when we limit our desires by our possessions, it is con- tentment ; when our desires are raised high, and yet ac- complished, this is called satiif action , when our joy is derived from some comical occasion or amusement, it is mirth ; if it arise from considerable opposition that is vanquished in the pursuit of the good we desire, it is then called triumph ; when joy has so long possessed the mind that it is settled into a temper, we call it cheer- fulness; when we rejoice ujion the account of any good which others obtain, it may be called sympathy or con- gratulation. 2. MOR.VL joy is also of several kinds, as the self-approbation, or that which arises from the per- formance of any good actions ; this is called picuce, or serenity of conscience; if the action be honorable and the joy rise high, it may be called glory. 3. There is also a si'iRiTUAi. joy, which the Scripture calls a " fruit of the Spirit'^ (GaLv, 22), "the joy of Aiith" (Phil, i, 25), and " the rejoicing of hope" (Heb. iii, 6). The ob- jects of it are — (1.) God himself (Psa. xliii, 4 , Isa. Ixi, 10). (2.) Christ (Phil, iii, 3 ; 1 Pet. i, 8). (3.) The promises (Psa. cxix, 162). (4.) The administration of the Gospel and Gospel ordinances (Psa, Ixxxix, 15). (5.) The prosperity of the interest of Christ (Acts xv, .3; Rev. xi, 15, 17). (6.) The happiness of a future state (Horn, v, 2; Matt, xxv). The nature and properties of this joy : [1,] It is, or should be, constant (Phil, iv, 4), [2.] It is unknown to the men of the world (1 Cor. ii, 14). [3, J It is unspeakable (1 Pet, i, 8), [4.J It is permanent (John xvi, 22). See AVatts, On Pass. sec. 11 ; Gill's Body of Div. iii, 111. 8vo ed,; Grove's Moral Phil, i, 356 ; Henderson's Buck,
Jov OK God relates, 1. To the delight and compla- cency he has in himself, his ow^n nature, and perfections, 2. He rejoices in his own works (Psa, civ, 31), 3, In his Son Christ Jesus (JIatt, iii, 17), 4, In the work of re- demption (John iii, 15). 5. In the subjects of his grace (Psa. cxlvii, 11 ; Zeph. iii, 17; Psa. cxlix, 4) Hender- son's Buck.
Joy or Joye, George, an early promoter of the Reformation, a native of the county of Bedford, was ed- Mcateil at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he graduated IVI.A. in 1517. An associate of Tyndale, he was in 1527 accused of heresy, and obliged to go to Germany, where he resided for many years. He was concerned in the suiierintendencc of Tyndale's Bibles, printed at Antwerp, and finally returned to his native country, but the time of his death is iniknown. Besides his translation of part of the Bible, he published On the Unity and Schism of
the ancient Church (1534) ■.—Subversion of Mores False Foundation (1534) : — Commentary on Daniel, in the main from Melancthon, etc. See Gorton, Biog. Diet. s. v.
Joyner, Jajies E., a minister of the IMethodist Episcopal Church South, was born in Amherst County, Va., and died at his ow-n home in Heniy County, Ya., March 15, 1868. For more than thirty years Joyner served the Church with great acceptability and useful- ness in various appointments. His preaching was ear- nest, pointed, and eminently practical During the late war he served as a chaplain in the Confederate States army, and exerted among the officers and men an influ- ence for good which was felt and acknowledged by all, —Conf Minutes M. E. Church South, iii, 203.
Joz'abad (Heb. Yozabad', 'inti'^, a contraction for Jeiiozarad; Sept. 'Iw^rtj8«5, but sometimes in Chron. 'l(xji,ajici^ V. r. 'Iw^a/3a(^, 'liZ.tfiov'b ; also 'luKrafiiS or 'IwaajiaS in Neh. ; Auth. Vers. "Josabad" in 1 Chron, xii, 4), the name of several men.
1. A Gederathite, one of the famous Benjamite arch- ers who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chron. xii, 4), B,C, 1055,
2. A chiliarch of INIanasseh, Avho re-enforced David on retreating to Ziklag (1 Chron, xii, 20), B,C, 1053,
3. Another chiliarch of IManasseh, who deserted Saul's cause for that of David when he made Ziklag his resi- dence (1 Chron, xii, 20); it is possible, however, that the name has been erroneously repeated for the preced- ing. B.C. 1053.
4. Probably a Levite, one of the persons charged with the care of the Temple offerings under the superintend- ence of Cononiah and Shimei, at the reformation by Hezekiah (2 Chron. xxxi, 13). B.C. 726.
5. One of the chief Levites who made offerings for the renewal of the Temple services under Josiah (2 Chron. xxxv, 9), B.C. 623.