Tlie "city of y«(/«" (Luke i, 39), whither Mary went lo visit Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist (h'c iruAii- 'l(.iron), and where Zecharias therefore appears to have resided, has iisuaUy lieen supposed to mean He- broif; ' ut, if the reading be correct, the proper renderino- ^wou'd be "to the city Judah," i. e. its capital, or Jeru- ^.saleiii ^;,ee Borncmann, Schol. in Luc. p. 12), notwith- Siui.dmir the absence of the article (Winer's Grammat
A-. T.
11; VMS). But, as this was not intended (see Eob. lesius^ 'Ejmt. ad Camuuon. 1613, p. 669), Eeland {Pa- UbsI.^ p. 8 < . 0 bars suggested a conjectural reading of " Jut- 3A f..r.V. /„,/,,. V (lovTci for 'loi'-^f,) in the above pas- sage ..^■■,i,„K-c:, 'Nluc.i has met with favor among critics , (see , l.-.unl.cr--. in the Xov. Miscell. Lips, iv, 595; Pau- lus, Kuii, ■,i. LLlnc), although no various reading exists
Juvencus, Caius Vettius Aquilinus, one of the earliest Church historians and Christian poets, a native of Spain, was a contemporary of Constantine, and a pres- byter of the Church. Living at the time when Chris- tianity ascended the throne of the Csfisars, he attempted to clothe the recital of BibUcal events in the classic and elegant style of the best profane writers. About 330 he composed his Historia evangelica, a work in four books, dedicated to Constantine. It is the reproduction of the Gospels in Latin hexameters, following the text closely, especially St. Matthew's, and in the style imitatmg Lu- cretius, Ovid, and especially Virgil, thus making a sort of epic poem, after the model of the Jineid. " The liberal praises bestowed upon Juvencus by divines and schol- ars, from St. Jerome down to Petrarch, must be under- stood to belong rather to the substance of the piece than to the ibnn ui which the materials are presented. We may honor the pious motive which promjited the undertaldng, and ^\& may bestow the same commenda- tion upon the laborious ingenuity with which every par- ticular recorded by the sacred historians, and frequently their very words, are forced into numbers, but the very plan of the composition excludes all play of fanc}' and aU poetical freedom of expression, whUe the versifica- tion, although fluent and generally harmonious, too of- ten bids defiance to the laws of prosody, and the lan- guage, although evidently in many places copied from the purest models, betrays here and there evident indi- cations of corruption and decay. The idea that this production might be employed with advantage in the interpretation of the Scriptures, inasmuch as it may be supposed to exhibit faithfully the meaning attached to various obscure passages in the early age to which it belongs, will not, upon examination, be found to merit much attention" (Professor Ramsaj', in Smith, nt in- fra). He also wrote parts of the Old Testament in the same manner, but of these we know only his Liher in Genesin (according to Jerome, De script, ill. 8-1, he wrote " nonnulla eodem metro ad sacramentorum ordinem per- tinentia"). The Historia evangelica was first printed by Deventer, s. 1. (probably 1490) ; then often rejirint- ed, as in the Colleciio vet. Poet. eccl. of Fabricius (Basil. 1564) ; the Bill. M. Lwjd. iv, 55 sq. ; by E. Reusch (Francfort and Lpz. 1710) ; and later from a manuscript in the collection of the Vatican by F. Arevale (Rome, 1792, 4to), and in the first book of Gebser. J^xtracts of the Genesis were given in Martene's Nov. Collect, torn, ix ; and lately J. B. Pitra, in his Spicikgium Solesmense (Paris, Didot, 1852 ; comp. Prolegg. xlii sq.), published both these verses from the Genesis, and other fragments from the Old Testament, forming 6000 verses, and gain- ed great credit by his efforts to prove their authenticity as works of Juvencus. See Schrockh, Kirch engescli. v, 277; FahTicius, Bibl.med. et inf. Lat.iv,2V2; Gebser, Z)e Juvenci vita et scripiis adj. lib. i kist.evang. (Jena, 1827) ; Bahr, Pom. Lit. Gesch. (Suppl. i) ; Smith, Diet. Grk. and Rom. Biog. ii, s. v.
Juxon, William, a celebrated English prelate, dis- tinguished for Ills faithfulness to the unfortunate king Charles, was born at Chichester in 1582, and was edu- cated at St. John's College, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship in 1598. He first studied law, but afterivards altered his mind, took orders, and was presented in 1609 to the vicarage of St. GUes, Oxford, together with which, after 1614, he held the rectory of Somerton. In 1G21 he was chosen president of his college, after which he rose rapidly, through the interest of archbishop Laud, being successively appointed dean of Worcester, clerk of the closet, bishop of Hereford, dean of the Chapel Royal, and, in 1633, bishop of London. The sweetness of his temper, the kindness and courtesy of his manners, and his uniform benevolence, made bishop Juxon a general favorite, and archbishop Laud fixed upon him as a fit p( fson to hold a secular office under government. This was one of Laud's fatal errors. He did not perceive and make allowance for the change of public opinion. Bishops had, before the Reformation, become great men
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by holding secular appointments, and the archbishop thought to restore the order to its ancient importance in men's eyes by reverting to the exploded system. He forgot that bishops held secidar offices formerly from the necessity of the case, and because there were not a suf- ficient number of the laity qualified, and that the fact itself, though necessarj', was still an evil, since it inter- fered with their higher and spiritual duties. In Laud's own time the laity were better quahfied than the clergy for office, and the appointment of the clergy was justly offensive, both as an insult to the laity, and as leading the people to suppose that the bishops had nothing to do in their dioceses. Under this false policy, in 1625 Juxou was appointed to the post of lord high treasurer, the highest office at that time in the kingdom, and next in precedence to that of the archbishop and to the great seal, which had not been held by a clergyman since the reign of Henry VH. In 1641 he resigned this office, which, it was admitted by all parties, he had held with- out reproach. The general harmlessness of his charac- ter enabled him to remain for the most part undisturbed at Fulham. Nevertheless, he remained firm to his prin- ciples, and steady in his loyalty to the king, by whom he was frequently consulted. He was ui attendance upon the king at the treaty in the Isle of Wight, in 1648, and daring the king's trial acted as his spiritual adviser. Bishop Juxou was also in attendance upon the king in his last hours upon the scaffold. Juxon con- tinued in his position until the abolition of kingly gov- ernment, by the House of Lords, and the establishment of a Commonwealth. He then retired to his own estate,