JUSTINUS
1111
JUSTUS
trusted to a number of the ablest lawyers of Eome, un- der the tlirection of the renowned Tribonianus, the task of a complete revision and digested collection of the Koman law from the time of Hadrian to his own reign ; and thus arose, after the short lapse of seven years, the celebrated Codex Justinianeus, " which thenceforth be- came the universal law of the Koman empire, the sole text-book in the academies at Eome, Constantinople, and Berj-tus, and the basis of the legal relations of the greater part of Christian Eiu-ope to this day." This body of Roman law, which is " an important source of ourknowledge of the Christian life ia its relations to the state and its influence upon it," opens with the im- perial creed on the Trinity (for which, see SchafF, Church Bisfory, iii, 7G9) and the imperial anathema against the prominent Christian heretics. The whole collections of Justinian are now knowi under the style of Corpus Juris Civilis. The editions with Gothofredus's notes are much esteemed. The four books of Justinian's Institutions were translated into English, with notes, by George Har- ris, LL.D. (Loud. 2d ed. 17G1, 4to, Lat, and Engl.). Jus- tinian also wrote a lihellus confessionis jiiM, and a hymn {uftoytvrjQ viae Kai XoyvQ rov ^eov, etc.). (J. H. W.)
Medal of Justinian.
Justiiius OF Sicily, bishop of one of the sees that island in the latter part of the fifth century, ' present at a council held at Rome A.D. 483 or 484, under pope Felix HI, in which Petrus Fullo {rva^tvg'), or Peter the Fuller, was condemned as a heretic for having added to the " trisagion" the heretical words " who suffered for us." Several bishops, among whom was Justin, desirous of recalling Peter from his errors, addressed letters to him. Justin's letter to Peter, in the original Greek, with a Latin version, Ejnstoln Jusfini Ejiiscopi in Sicilia. ad Petruni Fullonem S. Gnapheum, is given in the Concilia (vol. iv, col. 1103, etc., edit. Labbe •" vol. ii, col. 839, edit. Hardouin; vol. vii, col. 1115, edit. Mansi). The genu- ineness of this letter, and of six others of similar charac ter from various Eastern or Western bishops, which are also given in the Concilia, is disputed by Valesius {Ob- servat. Eccles. ad Evagriuni Lihri dtis, Lib. I De Petro AnHochen. Episcop. c. 4), but defended by Cave {Hist. Lift, i, 458), who, however, contends that the Greek text is not the original, but a version from the Latin. Pagi (Crilici in Baronii Annaks, ad ann. 485, c. 15) proposes to correct the reading of the title of Justin's letter from "Episcopi in Sicilia" to "Episcopi in Cilicia;" others ■would read the name " Justinianus," but on what au- thority we do not know. Dodwell and others ascribe to this Justin the Responsiones ad Orthodoxos, and the Expositio Recta Confessionis, reputed to be by Justin Martyr, and printed with his works. See Fabricius, Bibl. Gr. vii, 53 ; xi, 661 ; xii, 655. — Smith, Diet. Greek and Roman Biog. s. v.
Jus'tus (lovaroQ, for Lat. Justus, just ; a frequent
name among the Jews, equivalent to p'''^^, Josephus, Life, 9, 65, 76), the name or surname of several men. Schcittgen {Ilor. Ilebr. in Act. Ap.) shows by quotations from Rabbinical writers that this name was not miusual among the Jews.
1. Another name for Joseph (q.v.), sumamed Rar- SABAS, who was one of the two selected as candidates for the vacant apostolate of Judas (Acts i, 23).
2. A proselyte at Corinth, in whose house, adjoining the synagogue, Paul preached to the Gentiles after leav- ing the synagogue (Acts xviii, 7). A.D. 49.
3. Otherwise called Jesus, a Jewish Christian, named in connection with INIark by Paid as being his only fel- low-laborers at Rome when he wrote to the Colossians (Col. iv, 11). A.D. 57. Tradition {Acta Sanctorum, Jun. iv, 67) names him as the bishop of Eleutheropolis !
Justus, St., is the name of a Christian martyr who, with his brother Pastor (aged respectively twelve and nme years), when the persecution of Diocletian against the Christians began, in the face of certain martj'rdora boldly avowed himself a Christian. For this alone they were cruelly flogged; and Dacian, at that time the gov- ernor of Spain, enraged at their courageous resignation, fuially caused them to be beheaded.
Another St. Justus, celebrated in history, was bishop of Lyons, in France. His life gives us an insight into the customs of the 4th centurj-. The monks, both in the East and the West, sought at that time to prevent as far as possible capital punishment, and often repre- sented those who had undergone it in punishment of their crimes as martyrs. A man who, in an excess of rage, had killed several persons in the streets of Lyons, fled to the bishop's church for protection. Justus, in or- der to shield him, delivered him into the hands of the authorities on the condition that he should be but light- ly punished, but the mob took him out of the hands of the officers and killed him. Justus, considering him- self responsible for the death of this man, and 1 ence- forth unworthy of his office, fled to Egypt, where he re- mained unknown in a convent, aud there died about 390.
Another St. Justus, a native of Rome, followed St. Au- gustine in his mission to England, and became, in 624, archbishop of Canterbiu-y. He died Nov, 10, 627. — Her- zog, Real-Encykiop. s. v.