Justus OF Tiberias (in Galilee), son of Pistus, one of the most noteworthy Jewish historians, flour- ished in the beginning of the Christian £era. He was in the employ of king Agrippa as private secretary when the revolution in Galilee broke out, and though the city of Tiberias had been especially favored bj' the king, the Tiberian Jews soon followed in the course of their neighbors, and many gathered imder Pistus and his son Justus, who, besides the advantage of a Greek education, was a great natural orator, and easily swayed the masses. As we have sho^\^^ m our articles on Jose- phus and John of Gischala, Josephus desired ever the leadershi]), be it among his own nation or among the Romans, and Justus having made early advances in fa- vor of the revolution, and quickly gained the confidence of the people, Josephus feared and hated him, and, as soon as the war terminated, took special pains to con- vince the Romans that Justus was the greater rebel of the two. The conduct of Josephus towards Justus be- - came still more unjustly severe after the latter had ven- tured to \^Tite a liistory of the war, now unhappily lost, in which the treacherous action of Josephus was laid bare. Indeed, Josephus himself makes the only avowed object of the publication of his "life" his vindication from the calumnies of Justus, who is accused of having falsified the history of the war with Rome (comp. Joseplius. be vita sua, § 37, 65, 74), as well as of ha%"ing delayeJ. the editing of the book until the decease of Agnppa an the other great men of the time, becausfe his recounts were false, and he feared the consequen<?es ofniis un- justness and untruthfidness. Justus, according to Pho- tius (Bibl. cod. 33), also wrote a history of the Jews
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JUTLAND
1112
JUXON
from the times of Jloses down to the death of Herod, m tlie third vear of the reign of Trajan,but this work also is unft)rtuna"telv lost. Some writers (Eusebiiis, Hist. Eccles. iii, 9 ; Stephaiius Byzant. s. v. TifStpiag) speak of a spe- cial work of his on the Jewish War, but this may refer only to the last portion of his chronicle, which Diogenes l.aertius ^1,41) calls a Sn'/i/ia. Suidas (s.v. 'loiiarog) mentions some other works of Justus, of which, however, nothing is extant. See Griitz, Gesch. der Jiiden, iii, 397 S(i. ; AV«</. ti'id Krit. 1853, p. 5G sq. (J. H. W.)
Jutland, a province of Denmark, contains, since the Peace of Vienna of Oct. 30, 1864,Avhich regulated the fron- tier between Denmark and Germany, 971G square miles, and in 1«70 had 787,927 inhabitants. It constitutes the northern part of the Cimbrian peninsula, and is bounded on the north by the Skagerrack, on the east by the Kat- tegat, on tlie south by Schleswig, and on the west by the German Sea. Originally the Cimbri are said to have lived there ; subsequently the coantry was occupied liy the Juts, a Saxon tribe. At the beginning of the loth century it was conquered by the Danish kmg Germ, anil since tlien it has been a part of the kingdom of Denmark. Christianity was introduced into Jutland by Ansgar (q. v.), and the Christianization of the country was completed within a comparatively short period. The first church was erected at Kibe. The Reforma- tion was first carried through in the city of Viborg by the efforts of Hans Yansen, a young peasant from the island of Fuhnen. Jutland has now four Lutheran di- oceses— Aalborg, Viborg, Aarhuus, and Elbe. See Den- 3LVKK. (A. J. S.)
Jut'tah (Hebrew Yutah', Inai"^, Josh, xv, 5o,Vidg. Jotd ; or Yuttah', i^'S^, perhaps inclined, otherwise i. q. Jolbci/i. Josh, xxi, IG, Vulg. Jeta ; Sept. 'Itrrd v. r. 'Irav and 'I'oi'i')) a Levitical city in the momitains of Judah, named in connection with Ziph, Jezreel, etc., in the neighborhood of JIaon and Carmel (Josh, xv, 55). It was allotted to the priests (xxi, 16), but in the catalogue of 1 Chron. vi, 57-59, the name has escaped. Eusebius {Oiwiiui.'tt. s. V.) calls it a large vUlage by the name of JctUtii {'ItTTav), and places it eighteen miles south of Kleutlieropolis, in the district of Daromas (the south). It is doubtless the village discovered by Dr. Eobinson {Risearrhex, ii, G2h), four miles south of Hebron, and still called I'utta, having the appearance of a large Mo- liannnedan town, on a low eminence, with trees around, and where the guides spoke of the existence of old foundations and former walls. Schwarz calls it Zata in liis I'dli'st. p. lOG, and Seetzen Jitta on his map.
"The selection of Juttah as a city of the priests sug- gests the idea of its having already been a place of im- portance, which is seemingly confirmed by early and numerous allusions to it in the inscriptions on the Egyp- tian monuments. There it appears to be described un- der the names Tab, Tuh-n, and Tah-n-nu, as a fortress of the Aiiakim near Arba or Hebron ; and it is not a lit- tle remarkable tliat another Egyptian document, the Soptuagint, expresses the word in almost the selfsame mf.nner, 'Irav and Tavv {Jour. Sac. Lit. Amil and July, \HW1, p. 73, 31fi, 317)" (Fairbairn, s. v.).