7:^napp, Georg Christian, an eminent German Protestant theologian, was born at Glaucha, near Halle, in 1753. He entered the university of that city in 1770,
and afterwards also spent a semester at the University of Gottingen. He began lecturing on philosophy in 1775, was appointed professor extraordinary in 1777, and regular professor in 1782. In 1785 he became director of Franke's celebrated orphan asylum and educational institute, previously presided over by his father, which he managed for forty years in conj miction with Nie- meyer. in the division of labor he had charge of the orphan asylum, the Latin school, and the Biblical and missionary departments, which, notwithstanding deli- cate health, he conducted in a manner that gahied him the esteem of all. He died Oct. 14, 1825. Naturally in- clined to mysticism, which in latter years caused his writings and teaching to assume a supernaturalistic form, he did not succeed, notwithstanding the jwpular- ity of his lectures, in forming a school of his own in the midst of the nationalistic tendencies of his colleagues. Constitutional timidity also impaired much of his influ- ence, as he shrank from all personal argum.enfs either with the students or with the other professors. Dr. F. W. Krummacher has described him as '• tlie last descend- ant of the old theological school of Halle," and assures us that he " was well able, from intellectual ability and scientific attainment, to have waged a successful war against the then reigning Rationalism, and to have toss- ed from their airy saddles its champions among his col- leagues who were intoxicated with triumph," but that " his excessive gentleness and modesty, bordering even on timidity, led him carefully to avoid everj-thing like direct polemics." (Compare, for a fuller descrii)tio)i of his character, etc., F. Vr. Krummacher's Autobiography, translated by the Kev. M. G. Easton [Edinb. 18G9, 8vo],p. 55 sq.). His principal works are, I'salmen iibersetzt tind mil Anmerkuiif/eii (1778; 3d ed. 1789) : — a very careful- ly edited and useful edition of the Greek Testament, jVo- V7im Tcstamentum Grace recoffiiovit atque insif/nioris lec- tioniim varietdtis et ar()Uinentorinn notitiam subjunxit (Halle, 1797, 4to ; the last ed. in 1829, 2 vols. 8vo; also N. Y, 1808): — Scripta varii argumenti maicimam pai-tem exegetica atque historica (Halle, 1805, 8vo; a second and enlarged edition in 1823,2 vols. 8vo) : — the following dissertations — Ad vaticiniwn Jacobi {l~7i}; De versione A lexandrina in emendenda lectione exempli Ilebraici caute adhibendu (Halle, 1773, 177(;). After Ins death K. Thilo published his Vorlesungcn iiber d. GUuihcnslelire (183(3, 2 parts, which were translated by Dr. Leonard Woods un- der the title Lectures on Christian Theology [Andover, 1831-39, 2 vols. 8vo, and often since], and have been ex- tensively used, especially in this country) ; and Guerike his Bibl. Glaubenslehre z. prahtischen Gebrauch (1840). Knapp also wrote Traliat ii.d. Frage : Was soil ich thun, dass ich selig icerde? (1806) : — Anleitung z. einem gottse- ligen Leben (1811). Some valuable biographical sketch- es which he contributed to the paper entitled Frcmke's Sliftungen, were republished under the title Lehen und Karakter einiger gelehrten it.frommen Manner d.vorigen Jahrh. (1829). See Niemeyer. Epicedien -zum A ndenken atif Knapp (1825) ; K. Thilo, in the preface to Knapp's Vorlesungen ii.d. Glaubenslehre ; Herzog, Real-Encyldop. vii, 763 ; Wetzer und Welte, Kirchen-Lexikon, s. v. ; Do- ring, Gckhiie Theol. Deiitschlands, s. v. (J. H. W.)
Knapp, Johann Georg, father of Georg Chris- tian, was himself a tlieologian of some note. He was born at Oehringen Dec. 27, 1705, of pious parents, and went to the University of Altdorf to study theology. He removed to Jena in 1723 to continue his preparatory studies for the ministerial office, and completed them at Halle, where, in 1728, he was ajipointed instructor at the royal predagogium. In 1732 he became pastor to the Prussian military school at Berlin, but remained there oidy one year, and then returned to Halle to fiU an ad- junct professorship in theology at the university. He was made ordinary or regular jirofessor in 1739. After the decease of the celebrated Franke he was placed over the orphan asylum, and held this position until his death, July 30, 1771. Knapp took a particidar interest in the cause of missions, and published Neuere Gesch. d, evan-
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gel. MisaioTisamtfalteii ziir Bekekruvg d. Ileideiim Ostindien (Halle, 1770, ^vo), and other rejwrts of missions. He also publislied several valualile dissertations, for a list of ■which, see Diiring, Gelehrte Theolog. Ueutsc/daiuk, ii, 144. (J. II.W.)
Kuatchbull, Sir Norton, a learned English baro- net. 1)1 iru in Kent in 1001, was a man of considerable erudition, and devoted himself with some success to the study of the J5iblical writings. In 1659 he gave to the world Animadfersiones in Lihros Noi-i Testam., which speedily \vent through a considerable number of editions (a translation of it, prepared by himself or under his su- perintendence, appeared at Cambridge in 1G93), and was reprinted both at Amsterdam and Frankfort, at which latter place it formed part of the supplement to N. Gurt- ler's edition of Walton's Po/i/r/lof, 1095-1701. He died in 1684. " KnatchbuU's remarks are sensible, and show very fair learning; but they are entirely'' wanting in deijth, and we cannot read them without wonder at the small amount of knowledge which procured for their au- thor such a wide-spread reputation" (Kitto,/>'jW.Q/c/op. vol. ii, s. v.). Dr. Campbell calls Knatchbull '• a learned man, but a hardy critic."