The Constitution of the community seeks to realize rather the union of the religious and civil orders than their separation. Truly patriarchal imder the presi- dency of" Father" Hoffmann, who died in 1846, it is real- ly based on the idea of the universal priesthood of Chris- tians. Not the clerg}-, but the community, is the final authority. The latter ('-die Giiterkaufsgesellschaft") is the original possessor of the land, from wliose author- ity it cannot be alienated. The lordship of Kornthal, 1000 acres, all its buildings, gardens, vineyards, woods, was purchased for 113,000 gulden, and given out by lot to each member. jMoney can be borrowed only from the ciimmon chest, and no debts can be contracted by members outside the communitv. A common council
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and council of ciders is periodically elected. The pres- ident, pastor, and schoolmaster are chosen by the com- munity, with recognition of the government and Church. The pastor shares the functions of the Sunday service with the president, councilmen, and schoolmaster, each of whom has authority to conduct a week-day service. The community admits its members by vote, and the children of the members are received only upon their own recognition. The criminal administration is under the general state authority, the property census and taK assessment being controlled by the president.
The usual Church festivals are observed. Baptism is a public and solemn ceremony, the import of which the people are not allowed to forget. The Lord's Supper is administered once a month on Saturday evening, pre- ceded by a week of preparatory meetings.
The Christian activity of the community is displayed in coinicction with foreign and domestic missions and in education. It has few of its own members in the foreign mission iiekl, though many missionaries, male and female, ■were educated at its schools. It is a supporter especially of the Basle Mission House, and its yearly missionary fes- tival is an occasion of great interest. The destitute of the neighborhood are systematically visited, and its in- stitution for abandoned children is chief among those of its class at Wiirtemberg. In its separate educational in- stitutions for the two sexes about 10,000 persons from various lands have received their training.
Konithal has in all a population of about 1300. It has ever exerted a salutary influence for the prevention of schism in the Wiirtemberg Church, has furnished for the sentiment of Pietism a corrective model of practical life, and has in general shown a successful example of religious and moral principle directly applied to social laws. Here are uniformly neat dwellings, clean streets, a well-clad people; intemperance and brawls are im- known ; not a beggar is seen except such as may come in from abroad ; there has been no case of bankruptcy from the foundation of the community, but two illegiti- mate births, and not a case of civil or criminal process of law has been required, while remarkable fidelity to the government in times of trial has characterized its pef>iile. — Kapflf, Die WUrtembei-yischen BrikJerqemeinclen Konithal it. W ilhelmsdorf (Kornih. 1839) ; Barth, Ueher die Pieiisten (Tiibing. 181!)) •, Zeitschr.f. hist, theol. 18-11 ; Haag, Studien d. Wiirttemb. Geistl. ix, 1 sq. ; Ilerzog, Real- Enri/ldnp. vol. xix, s. v. (E. B. O.)
Kortliolt, Christian (1). See Cortiiolt, Koitholt, Christian ("2), an eminent Danish Prot- estant tliculdgian, and a ne]ihe\v' of Christian Korthult (1), was born at Kiel in 1709. lie studied at the uni- versity of his native city, and afterwards visited Hol- land and England. On his return to Germany he was ajipointed rector of the College of Leipzig, and adjunct jirofcssor of philosophy in the university of that city. A few years after he became professor of theology in the University of Gottingen, and finally ecclesiastical super- intendent. He died Sept. 21, 1751. Besides a number of articles publislied in the Acta Erudilornm Lipsiensium, and a collection of sermons in (Jerman, he wrote De sac- ruram Christianorum in Cimbria jmmoi-diis (Kiel, 1728, •Ito) : — Conimentutio historico-ecclesiastica de ecclesiis sub- nrhicariis, qua in dioccvsin qxtani episcopiis Romamis mtate coHcilii yicieni habuit, inqvi/'iiur (Leipz. 1732, 4to) : — De Si)cict(itv A iitiqnnria TjmiUnciisi ad Kmippium (Lpz. 1735, 4to):— y-'' Mallh. Tindalin (Ljiz. 1734,4to) :— /^e Knthu- siasmi) M'lhiunmedis (Gotting. 1745, 8vo): — De Simone I'ftro primo AposfoL et idtimo ((Jotting. 1748, 8vo); etc. He published also Leibnitii episiola; ad diversos (Leipzig, 1733-42, 4 vols.). See Joach. Lindcmann, Christ. Kor- iholti Oratio J'unebris (in iSacer decadum scptenariiis, me- mtriam thcolof/nrum nostra (state, etc.,Lpzg. 1705, 8vo); NiciTon, Memoires, vol. xxxi ; Hoefer, Nour. Dioij. Gi'ii. xxvii, 93 ; Pierer, Univ. Lexikon, ix, 734. (J. N. P.) Kos. See Owi,. Kosa. See Koreish.
Kosegarten, Bernhard Christian, a German theologian, was born at Parchim, in Mecklenburg, May 7, 1722; entered Kostock University in 1739; went to Halle in 1745, and became adjunct professor in 1750. He died June 17, 1803. Kosegarten made for himself quite a name by his Versuch das Kirchliche Dogma vom Stande dtr Ei'niedrigung Christi einer Priifung zu unter- werj'en (New Brandenburg, 1748, 4to). — Doring, Gekhrte Theol. Deutschlands, ii, 174.
Kosegarten, Hans Gottfried Ludv/^ig, a Ger- man C)rientalist and historian, was born at Altenkirchen, Isle of Kiigen, Sept. 10, 1792 ; studied theology and phi- lology at the University of Greifswald, and in 1811 went to Paris to continue the study of the Oriental lan- guages. He became adjunct professor at Greifswald in 1815, and in 1817 professor of the Oriental languages at Jena, and of the same chair at Greifswald in 1824. He died in 18G0. Kosegarten wrote De Mohammede Ebn Batitta ejusque itineribus (Jena, 1818), and published editions of Amru ben-Kelthum's Moallaha (Jena, 1820) : — Libri Corona; legis, id est Coimnentarii in Peiitateuchum Karaitici ab Aharone ben-Elihu conscripti aliquot par- ^icate (Jena, 1824); etc. Sec Piever, Univeisal Lexikon, ix, 738.