Krama or Krasis, the practice of mixing water with the sacramental wine (the mixture bearing the name Koafia, and the act ofmixinq icpuaii;), was adopt- ed very early in the Church, on the assumption that the wine used at the Passover was mixed with water; but Lightfoot shows that this was not necessarily the case. In the Western Church, the mixture of cold water with the wine takes place only once before the consecration ; wine being first poured into the cup, and the water add- ed. In the Oriental Church a twofold mixing takes place. There is the first mixture of cold water with the wine in the cup before consecration, and then a second mixture with warm water after consecration, and imme- diately before distribution. This is sai<l to have been designed to represent at once the water which flowed from our Saviour's side and the fire of the Holy Spirit. — Farrar, Eccles. Diet. s. v.
Krain, Andreas, archbishop of. See AxdPvKas of Craix.
Krantz, Albert, a (ierman theologian and eminent historian, was bora at Hamburg towards the middle of the 15th century. He studied at Hamburg, Cologne, etc., and became doctor in theology and canon law. Af- ter traveling through most of Europe, he was, on his re- turn, appointed ]irofcssor at Rostock, and rector of that university in 1482. In 1492 he settled at Hamlnirg, alter having been employed in important diplomatic missions. In 1499 he was sent as envoy to England and I'rance, and was often chosen to decide difficulties : thus he acted !is arbiter between king John of Denmark and
KRANTZ
159
KRAUSE
duke Frederick of Holsteiu in 1500, etc. In 1508 he was appointed dean of Hamburg, and died there December 7, 1517. Though not an ultramontane, he did not show himself practically much in favor of reformation in the Church, yet as a historian he exhibits great impartial- ity and much sound criticism. Krantz wrote Vandulia (151!); Fraidvf. 1575, 1588, IGOl ; German by St. Macro- pus, Liib. 1000) ■.—Saxonia (1520 ; Frankfort, 1575, 1580, lt)21; Cologne, 1674, 1595; German by Faber, Leipzig, 1593 and 15S2; continued by Chytr;ius,Wittenb. 1585): — Chronicoii rer/norum aquilonarium, Daime, Suecim et Norwiufia (1545; Lat. 154G; Frankf. 1574, 1595; Ger- man by Eppcndorf, Strasb. 1545) : — Metropolis s. Hist, ec- cles. in Saxonia (1548 ; Basel, 1568 ; Cologne, 1574, 159G ; Wittenb. 157G: Frankf. 1576, 1590, 1627) •.—Institutiones lofficcB (Lpz. 1517) : — Defensorium eccL; Spirantissimum opusculum in officium misse (1506, etc.). Under Clement YIII the writings of Krantz were, on account of some damaging confessions for Romanism therein contained, put in the Index. See Pierer, Unipersal Lexikon, vol. viii, s. V. ; Ilerzog, Real-Encyklop. vol. ix, s. v.
Krantz (or Cranz), David, a Moravian historian, was born at Neugarten, Pomerania, in 1723. In his youth he was master of a school at Herrnhut; he became secre- tary to count Zinzendorf in 1747, was afterwards sent on a literar}^ mission to Greenland, where he was eminently successful in collecting historical information. He return- ed in 1762, and became pastor of the church at Rixdorf. near Berlin, in 17()6. He died at Gnadenburg, in Silesia, in 1777. His principal works are The History of Green- land, and of the mission of the United Brethren (transl. Lond. 1820, 2 vols. 8vo) : — The ancient and modern History oj'tke Bi-e/hi-en (Lond.l780,8\'o). — DarYmg,Cycl.Bibl,s.v.
Krasicki, Ignaz, a Ptoman Catholic prelate, was born at Dubiecko, Poland, Feb. 3, 1734, and early en- tered the priestly office. His remarkable talents secured for him, when only twenty-nine years old, the honorable appointment as prince-bishop. He died March 14, 1801, as prince-bishop of Gnesen, where he had lived since 1795. See Kathol. Reul-Encyldop. vi, 396.
Krasinski, count Valerian, the Protestant Church historian of Poland, was a native of the ancient Polish province of AVhite Russia, and was descended from a noble family, which embraced at an early period the Protestant faith. He was born about 1780, and received a superior classical education ; while yet a young man he was appointedchief of that department of the minis- trj' of public instruction in the kingdom of Poland which was charged with the superintendence of the various classes of dissenters. He was zealous in his endeavors to promote instruction among them, and especially ex- erted himself in the establishment of a college at War- saw for the education of Jewish rabbis. In order to lessen the expense of valuable works, especially those on scientific subjects, he was the first to introduce stere- otype printing into Poland, and this was not accom- plished without a considerable diminution of his own income. ^Vhcn the Polish Revolution of 1830 had pro- claimed the throne of I'oland vacant, and organized a national government, with prince Adam Czartoryski as president, a diplomatic mission was sent to England, of which count Valerian Krasinski was a member. When the Russian armies in 1831 had overpowered the revo- lutionary movement of his countrymen, he was still in England, where he then became, with many others of his countrymen, a penniless exile. After having ac- quired the English language, he devoted himself to lit- erature as a means of support, and became the author of several valuable works. He resided in London dur- ing the first twenty years of his exile, and during the last five in Edinburgh, where he died Dec. 22, 1855. Count Krasinski was a man of varied learning, and pos- sessed extensive information, especially on all matters connected with the Slavonic races. His moat impor- tant works are the following : The Rise, Prorjress, and Decline of the Reformation in Polatui (Lond. 1838-40, 2