Ladislaus meanwhUe gave full scope to his vengeance. Rome trembled with terror. Some of her most distin- guished citizens were sacrificed to his revenge. The States of the Church came into his hands. Sienna and Florence felt themselves threatened. John XXIII for- tified himself at Boulogne, and gathered forces about him. Even here he did not feel himself safe. His car- dinals prepared for flight, and some deserted him. The citizens sought to hide their treasures, and tied, gome to Venice, or other places not yet threatened.
There appeared no longer hope of effectual resistance to the advance of Ladislaus. All Italy seemed about to be forced to submit to his swaj-. But at this juncture, while Imgering at Rerusia, he was smitten by a mortal disease. A slow fever wasted his strength, but did not subdue his thirst for vengeance. He had destined the Ursini, who had obstructed his capture of Rome, and whom he had promised to spare, as victims. They vis- ited him in his sickness, and were thrust into prison by his orders. This gross violation of faith excited gen- eral indignation. The murmurs of the soldiers con- strained him to pause in his purjjose of vengeance. As his disease progressed his passions became more fierce. Returnhig by way of Ostia to Naples, the officers who accompanied him were on the watch to prevent him from ordering the Ursini to be cast overboard into the sea. When he reached his capital he was no longer master of himself. Every word that escaped him was an order for some fatal arrest. He charged his sister, the princess Joanna, to see that Paul de Ursini be put to death. I'or the last three days of his life his mind was occupied only with thoughts of vengeance. With fearful cries he was heard to ask, "Is Paul dead?" sometimes calling for his dagger that he might stab himself. He could only be calmed for the moment by his sister's treacherous assurance that his orders should be executed.
In the midst of his paroxysms Ladislaus died, Aug. 6 or 8, 1414. Naples was relieved of a Ij-rar.t and Italy of a terror that had disquieted her for years. History maj^ account Ladislaus a modern Herod. All that was. unscrupulous, cruel, and depraved seemed to be incar- nate in him. He alternated between private lust and. public violence. In his own age he was the most notori- ous representative of the vigor and craft of the Italian. '• prince." See Naples.
See, for notices more or less extended of the deeds or career of Ladislaus, Van dcr Hardt, Monstrehfs Chroni- cles ; Niern, Life of John XXIII ; Poggi, Eraccioltni's' Wridmis. Also the works of the earlier as well as the later Italian historians, including Sismondi and Proctor. The most extended and connected account of his life, per- haps, is that given by INI. d'Egly, Jlistoire des Rois dcg Deux Sidles. He seems to have carefully sifted his authorities, and he devotes over 200 pages of his second volume almost exclusively to Ladislaus. (E. H.G.)
Ladvocat, Jean Baptist, a noted French theolo- gian and author, was born at Vancouleurs in the early part of the 17th centurj', and was educated first at Pont- a-Mouson, afterwards in Paris at the Sorbonne, where he subse({uently became a professor. In 1751 he was appointed to the chair, founded at his suggestion in the Sorbonne by the duke of Orleans, for the inteqwetation of the Old-Testament Scriptures according to the He- brew text. He died in 1765. Ladvocat wrote Diciion- naire Geographique portaiif: — Diciionn. Jlisloriqiie por- tatifdes grands hommes (2 vols. 8vo : this is an abridg- ment of Moreri, and is full of errors). He also wrote a Hebrew Grammar for the use of his pupils ; Tracta- tiis de Condliis in Geiwre ; and Lett re dans luqiielle il ex- amine si les Textes originaux de VEcriture sent corriim- pus et si la Vulgate leur est preferable. Ladvocat was. as an expositor of Scripture, a zealous disciple of Hou- bigant. He was also a correspondent of Dr. Kenuicott,
LADY
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LAHMI
whose (xreat work ho zealously promoted, and he collated many SiSS. for him in the IJoyal Library at Paris. — llooiv, /■:(■(■!( s. JJioffrap/ii/, vi, oOG.
Lady is the rendering in the Auth. A'ers. of the fol- lowing terms in the origmal: riilia {f/ehe'retJi,{em. of ■|^-"s a mlrjhtij man), applied to Babylon as the mistress of nations (Isa. xlvii, 5, 7 ; elsewhere a " mistress," as opposctl to a maid-servant, Gen. xvi, 4, 8, 9 ; 2 Kings v, 3; I'rov. xxx, 23; Psa. cxxii'i, 2, Isa. xxiv, 2); ITTJ (sarah', fem. of "lb, noble ; the same as the name given to Sarai), a noble female (Judg. v, 29; Esth. i, 18; else- where a " princess," spec, the king's wives of noble birth, 1 Kings xi, 13, different from concubines, comp. Cant, vi, 8; "queen," Isa. xlix, 23; "princess" among provinces. Lam. i, 1) ; KVi/ia (fem. of Kvpioc, lord or master), mis- tress, occurs only as an epithet of a Christian female (2 John i, 1 , 5 ), either as an honorable title of regard, or as a fem. [)ropor name Cvria (q. v.).
Lady Chapel, a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Man,' (^" Our Lath-"), and usually, but not always, placed eastwards from the altar when attached to cathedrals. Henry YII's chapel at Westminster is the lady chapel of that cathctlral.