5. Sanctcs Pagninus, a learned Dominican from Luc- ca, produced a translation of the-whole Bible ^(Lugdun. 1528, 4to, and Colon. 1541, fob). Later editions of this work, with considerable alterations, apjieared : one, edited by tlie famous Mich. Servetus, under the name of Villa- uo\anu3 (Lugd. 1542) ; another, revised and edited by
E. Stephen (Paris, 1557, 2 vols, folio; with a new title, 1577). This latter has been often reprinted. The ver- sion of Arias Montanus, printed in the Antwerp, I'aris, and London jjolj-glots, is a revision of this version.
6. Cardinal Cajetan employed two Hebrew scholars, a Jew and a Christian, to supply him with a literal ver- sion of the Old Test. This they accomplished, and the work appeared in parts (Lugd. 1639, 5 vols, folio). The N. T., translated on the same principle of strict literal- ity, appeared earlier (Ven. 1530, 1.531, 2 vols, folio).
7. Sebastian Minister added to his edition of the He- brew Scriptures a Latin translation (Basle, 1534-35, and 1546, 2 vols, folio). This translation is faithful without being slavishly literal, and is executed in clear and cor- rect Latin. Portions of it have been published sepa- rately.
8. The Ziirich version, begun by Leo Judse, and com- pleted by Bibliander and others (1543, folio, and in 4to and 8vo in 1544). This version is much esteemed for its ease and fluency ; it is correct, but somewhat para- phrastic. It has frequently been reprinted , there is one edition by K. Stephen (Paris, 1545).
9. Sebastian Castellio produced, in what he intended to be purely classical Latin, a translation of the O. and N.T. (Basil. 1551, again 1573, and at Leipzic, 1738).
10. The version of Junius and TremeUius appeared at Frankfort in parts between 1575 and 1579, and in a col- lected f )rm in 1579, 2 vols, folio. TremeUius took the principal part in this work, his son-in-law Junius rather assisting him than sharing the work w-ith him. Tre- meUius translated the N. Test, from the Syriac, and this, along with Beza's translation, appeared in an edition of Tremellius's Bible, published at London in 1585. The translation of Piscator is only an amended edition of that of TremeUius.
11. Thomas Malvenda, a Spanish Dominican, engaged in a " nova ex Hebraso translatio," which he did not live to finish. What he accomplished was published along with his commentaries (Lugdun. 1650, 5 vols, folio) ; but the extreme barbarism of his style has caused his labors to pass into oblivion.
12. Cocceius has given a new translation of most of the Biblical books in his commentaries. Opera Omnia (tom. i-vi, Amsterdam, 1701).
13. Sebastian Schmid executed a translation of the O. and N. Test., which appeared after his death (Argcntor. 1696, 4to) ; it has been repeatedly reprinted, and is es- teemed for its scholarly exactness, though in some cases its adherence to the original is over close.
14. The version of Jean le Clerc (Clericus) is found along with his commentaries; it appeared in portions from 1693 to 1731.
15. Charles Fr. Houbigant issued a translation of the O. T. and the Apocrypha along with liis edition of the Hebrew text (Paris, 1753, 4 vols, folio).
10. A new translation of the O. T. was undertaken by J. A. Dathe; it ajipeared between 1773 and 1789. At one time much admired, this version has of late ceased perhaps to receive the attention to which it is entitled.
17-19. Versions of the Gospels by Ch. Wilh. Thale- mann (Berl. 1781) ; of the Epistles by Godf. Sigismund Jaspis (LipsiiB, 1793-97, 2 vols.) ; and of the whole N.T. by H. Godf. Keichard (Lips. 1799), belong to the school of CasteUio.
20. H. A. Schott and F.Winzcr commenced a trans- lation of the Bil)le, of which only the first volume has appeared, containing the Pentateuch (Alton, et Lipsise, 1816). Schott has also issued a translation of the N. T., appended to bis edition of the (ireek text (Lips. 1805). This has passed into four editions, of which the last (1839) was superintended by Baumgarten-Crusius.
21. RosenmiiUer (iu his Scholia in V. T. Lips. 1788 sq.). Translations of the N. T. have also been issued by F.
A. Ad. Nacbe ( Lips. 1831) and Ad. Goeschen (Lips. 1832). See Carpzo\-. Crit. Sacr. p. 707 sc]. ; Fritzsche, art. Vulga- ta, in Herzog's Kncyk.; Jiihle o/erer// Land, p. 210, etc. IV. Literature, — Simon, Hist. Crit, des Versions du N.
LATITUDINARIANS
267
LATITUDINARIANS
Test. (1G90); Hody, Z)e Bibliornm textibus originalibus, versionihus Greeds et Latina \'iih/(ita, Libri iv (Oxford, 1705, folio); Martianay, IJieroiii^iiii 0pp. (Paris, 1G93); Bianchinus, Vindicice Canonis SS. Vuly. Lat. ed. (Rome, 1740) ; Riegler, Krit. Gesch. der Vulguta (Siilzb. 1820) ; L. van Ess, Pnigmatisch-Krit. Gesch. der Vulgata (Tlib. 1824) ; Wiseman, Two Letters on 1 John v, 7, reprinted in liis Essays, vol. i; Diestcl, Gesch. d. Alien Test. (Jena, 18G9) ; Kiirsch, in the Zeitschri/tfiir d.hist. Theol. 18G7, 18G9, 1870. See also the Introductions of Eichhorn, Mi- chaelis. Hug, De Wette, Hiiverniek, Bleek, etc. ; David- son, Biblical Criticism; Reuss, Gesch. der Ileil. Sclrr. X. T. sec. 4rl8-457 ; DarUng, Ci/clopcvdiu, p. 80. See Ver- sions.