their names. " Tliey have no priests, and hardly any . the public function or service performed by the minis- form of prayer. They keep no images, use no wafers, | trj-, became restricted in its meaning to the form it- and make no sacred "oil. Instead of the consecrated i self— the form of words in which such ser^-ice was ren- bread, they bake a cake, which they afterwards worship, I dered, and thus, certainly before the middle of the fifth as a special gift from God. This'cake is like a penny, century, we find in the Chmch, in the present sense of bun in shape and size, but in the minds of these Liitle\ the word liturgies, forms for the conducting of public
Christians it possesses a potent virtue and a mystic charm" (Dixon, />ee Russia, ]). 143, 144). The name they bear they gave themselves. Persecuted by the goverimient, they have increased and are daily increas- ing in numbers. See Russlv. (J. H. W.)
Little Horn. See Antichrist; Daniel.
Littlejohn, John, an early Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Penrith, Cumberland Co., Eng., Dec. 7, 1756; emigrated to Maryland about 17G7; re- ceived a respectable education; was converted in 1774; entered the Baltimore Conference in 177G ; located on ac- count of poor health in 1778; removed to Kentucky in 1818 ; re-entered the Baltimore Conference in 1831, and was the same j-ear transferred to the Kentucky Confer- ence as a superannuate, and died May 13, 1836. He pos- sessed considerable mental power and much eloquence. His piety was deep and fruitful, and his ministrations were weighty and very useful. — 3Iinut€s of Conferences, ii, 486. (G. L. T.)
Littleton, Adam, D.D., a learned English divine, was bom Nov. 8, 1627, at Hales Owen, Shropshire, and was educated first at Westminster School, and later (1647) at Christ-church, Oxford, where he was ejected by the Parliamentary visitors in 1G48. He was after- ward usher, and taught as second master at Westmin- ster School (1658). He became rector of Chelsea in 1674, and the same year was made prebendary of West- minster, and received a grant to succeed Dr. Busby in the mastership of that school. He had for some years been the king's chaplain, and in 1670 received his de- gree in divinity, which was conferred upon him with- out taking any in arts, on account of his extraordinary merit. He was for some time subdean of Westminster, and in 1687 was transferred to the church of St. Botolph, Aldersgate, London, which he held four years. He died June 30, 1694. He was an excellent philologist and grammarian, learned in the Oriental languages and Rab- binical lore. He was the author of a Latin Dictionary, long popular, but finally superseded by Ainsworth's. He also ijublished many sermons and other works. — Thomas, Bior/r. Diet. s. v. ; Darling, Cijclop. Bibliog. s. v.
Littleton, Edward, LL.D., an English divine,
worship and the administration of sacraments.
I. Jewish Liturgies. — This subject has, of course, its connection with the question of a similar state of things under the Jewish dispensation. Were there liturgical forms among the Jews, and, if so, to what extent? We find among the Greeks and Romans certain set forms in connection with their sacrifices, passing, it would seem, from mouth to mouth of successive priestly generations, and a usual form of prayer for the civil magistrate (DtiUinger's Heathenism and Judaism, i, 221-225) ; among the sacred books of India, hymns and prayers to be used on stated occasions (MiiUer's Chips from a German Workshop, i, 297) ; and in the Roman and in the Mohammedan worship, formulaj of a similar character (Lane's Mod.Egypt. i, 120 sq.). How was it in this mat- ter with the Jews? There was, of course, a ritual of form , but was there with it also a form of words ? The reading of the law, although enjoined, could hariUy be said to meet this demand. There are, however, special forms in the Pentateuch which are litiu-gieal in the stricter sense of that expression. Some of these have reference to possible contingencies, and would therefore be only occasional in their employment. Instances of this class may be found in the formula (Deut. xxi, 19), where complaint shoidd be made to the elders by par- ents against a rebellious and incorrigible son. Of sim- ilar character is the formula (Deut. xxv, 8, 9) connected with the refusal to take the widow of a deceased broth- er or nearest kinsman, and so perpetuate his name in Israel. Another, again, of the same class, was that ap- pointed to be used by the elders and priests (Deut. xxi, 1-9) of any locality in which the body of a murdered person should be found ; and still another, and more of the nature of a stated religious ser^-ice, was the pre- scribed declaration and mode of proceeding connected with the going out to battle (Deut. xx, 1-8). These were occasional and contingent. For some of them there might never be the actual usage, as was probably the case with the first — that of the complaint against and the execution of a rebellious son. But there were others of a more stated character, having reference to regularly occurring seasons and ceremonies when they were required to be used. The priestly benediction, repeated, it would seem, upon everj' special gathering